A list or Tuple can be converted as set by using set( ) function. This is very simple procedure. First you have to create a list or Tuple then, substitute its variable within set( ) function as argument.
Example:
MyList= [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
MySet=set(MyList)
print(MySet)
Output:
{2, 4, 6, 8, 10}

(i) Start with the first element i.e., index = 0, compare the current element with the next element of the array.
(ii) If the current element is greater than the next element of the array, swap them.
(iii) If the current element is less than the next or right side of the element, move to the next element. Go to Step 1 and repeat until end of the index is reached.

(i) Traverse the array using 'for loop'
(ii) In every iteration, compare the target search key value with the current value of the list.
(iii) If the values match, display the current index and value of the array
(iv) If the values do not match, move on to the next array element
(v) If no match is found, display the search element not found.

Code :
n1 = int(input(:Enter the first number:"))
n2 = int(input("Enter the second number:")
n3 = int(input(:Enter the third number:")
if(n1?=n2) and(n1>=n3) :
        biggest = n1 ;
elif(n2>=nl)and (n2>=n3) :
        biggest = n2
else:
        biggest = n3
print("The biggest number between",n1,",",n2"and"n3"is",biggest)
Output :
Enter the first number : 1
Enter the second number : 3 
Enter the third number : 5
The biggest number between 1, 3 and 5 is 5

(i) Input
(ii) Output
(iii) Finiteness
(iv) Definiteness
(v) Effectiveness
(vi) Correctness
(vii) Simplicity
(viii) Unambiguous
(ix) Feasibility
(x) Portable
(xi) Independent

(a) List
(b) Tuple
(c) Class
(d) Tuple
(e) List
(f) Class

The variables used inside the function may cause side effects though the functions which are not passed with any arguments. In such cases the function is called impure function.
For example the mathematical function random() will give different outputs for the same function call.
let randomnumber :=
a := random()
if a > 10 then
      return: a
else
      return: 10

Program:
import mysql db
db = mysqldb.connect ("local host", "user", "123", "organization'")
cursor = db.cursor()
item table creation
database: ABC, table: Item, lcode: int, ItemName: Char
Rate: int. Record: 1008, Monitor: 15000
cursor.execute ("Create table item(icode int, item Name char (25), Rate int"));
db.close
cursor. execute ("insert into item values ("1008", 'Monitor', '15000" ));
db.commit()

Execution Steps:
//save above file as welcome.cpp
#Now select File -> New in Notepad and type the Python program
#save the file as fun.py
#Program that compiles and executes a .cpp file
#Python fun.py- iC: |pyprg| welcome - file.cpp
Program:
import sys, os, getopt
def main (argv):
cpp_file="
exe_file="
opts, args = getopt.getopt(argv, "i:", ['ifile='])
for o a in opts
if o in ("-i, "--ifile"):
cpp_file=a+ .'cpp'
exe_file = a+ 'exe'
run (cpp_file, exe_file)
def run (cpp_file, exe_file):
print("Compiling" + Cpp_file)
os.system ('g++' + cpp_file+'_o'+exe_file)
print("Running" + exe_file)
print("---------------")
print
Os.system(exe_file)
print
if_name_=='_main_':
main (sys.argv [1:])
Output:
welcome.

SQL commands are divided into five categories:

Data Definition Language:
(i) The Data Definition Language (DDL) consist of SQL statements used to define the database structure or schema.
(ii) It simply deals with descriptions of the database schema and is used to create and modify the structure of database objects in databases.
(iii) The DDL provides a set of definitions to specify the storage structure and access methods used by the database system.
DDL performs the following functions:
(i) It should identify the type of data division such as data item, segment, record and database file.
(ii) It gives a unique name to each data item type, record type, file type and data base.
(iii) It should specify the proper data type.
(iv) It should define the size of the data item.
(v) It may define the range of values that a data item may use.
(vi) It may specify privacy locks for preventing unauthorized data entry.
Commands:

Data Manipulation Language:
This is a computer programming language used for adding, removing and modifying data in a database. This language comprises the SQL-data change statements, which modify stored data but not the schema of the database table
Data Manipulation includes
(i) Insertion of new information into the database
(ii) Retrieval of information stored in a database
(iii) Deletion of information from the database.
(iv) Modification of data stored in the database
The DML is basically of two types:
Procedural DML - Requires a user to specify what data is needed and how to get it.
Non-Procedural DML - Requires a user to specify what data is needed without Specifying how to get it.
Commands:

Data Control Language:
(i) A Data Control Language (DCL) is a programming language used to control the access of data stored in a database. It is used for controlling privileges in the database (Authorization).
(ii) The privileges are required for performing all the database operations such as creating sequences, views of tables etc.
Commands:

Transactional Control Language:
Transactional control language (TCL) commands are used to manage transactions in the database. These are used to manage the changes made to the data in a table by DML statements.
Commands:

Data query language:
The Data Query Language consist of commands used to query or retrieve data from a database. One such SQL command in Data Query Language is

class Mystore:
_prod_code = [ ]
_prod_name = [ ]
_cost price = [ ]
_prod quant = [ ]
def getdata(self):
selt.p= int (input ("Enter no. of products you need to store:"))
for x in range (self.p):
self._prod_code. append (int (input ("Enter Product Code:")))
self._prod_name. append (str (input ("Enter Product Name:"))
self._ cost_price. append (int (input ("Enter cost price:"))
def display (self):
print ("stock in stores")
print ("---------------------")
print ("Product Code\t Product name\t cost price")
print ("------------------")
for x in range (self.p):
print (self._prod_code [x], "\t\t", self._prod_name [x], "It \t", self._cost price [x])
print ("------------------------------")
def print_bill (self):
total_price =0
for x in range (self.p):
q= int(input("Enter the quantity for the product code %d:" %self._prod_code [x]))
self. Prod_quant.append (q)
total_price = total_price + self. _cost_price|x]* self._prod_quant [x]
print ("Invoice Receipt")
print ("---------------")
print ("Product Code\t Product Name\t Cost Price\t Quantity\t Total Amount")
print ("----------------")
for x in range (self.p):
print (self._Prod_code [x), "\t \t", self_prod-name[x], "\t \t",
self._cost_price[x], "\t \t", self._prod-quant [x], "\t \t",
self._prod_quant[x]*self._cost price [x])
print ("-------------------")
print ("Total Amount =", total_price")
S=Mystore ()
S.getdata ()
S.display ()
S.print_bill ()
Output:
Enter no. of products you need to store: 5
Enter Product code: 101
Enter Product Name: Notebook
Enter cost price: 25
Enter Product code: 201
Enter Product Name: pencil
Enter cost price: 35
Enter Product code: 301
Enter Product Name: Pen
Enter cost price: 35
Enter Product code: 401
Enter Product Name: Colour Pencils
Enter cost price: 50
Enter Product code: 501
Enter Product Name: Sketches
Enter cost price: 120
Stock in stores

Enter the quantity for the product code 101:10
Enter the quantity for the product code 201:15
Enter the quantity for the product code 301:10
Enter the quantity for the product code 401:20
Enter the quantity for the product code 501:10
Invoice Receipt

In Python, a tuple can be defined inside another tuple; called Nested tuple. In a nested tuple, each tuple is considered as an element. The for loop will be useful to access all the elements in a nested tuple.
Example:
Toppers = (("Vinodini", "XII-F", 98.7), ("Soundarya", "XII-H", 97.5),
("Tharani", "XII-F", 95.3), ("Saisri", "XII-G", 93.8))
for i in Toppers:
print(i)
Output:
('Vinodini', 'XII-F', 98.7)
('Soundarya', 'XII-H', 97.5)
('Tharani', 'XII-F', 95.3)
('Saisri', 'XII-G', 93.8)

Multiplication table :
num =int(input("Enter the number: "))
print("multiplication Table of", num)
for i in range(1,11):
        print (num,"x",i, "= ",num*i )
Output :
Enter the number : 6
Multiplication Table of 6
6 x 1 = 6
6 x 2 = 12
6 x 3 = 18
6 x 4 = 24
6 x 5 = 30
6 x 6 = 36
6 x 7 = 42
6 x 8 = 48
6 x 9 = 54
6 x 10 = 60.

Nested if..elif..else statement :
(i) When we need to construct a chain of if statement(s) then 'elif' clause can be used instead of 'if else'.
(ii) Syntax:
if < condition - 1>:
      statements-block 1
elif < condition - 2>:
       statements-block 2
else:
       statements-block n
(iii) In the syntax of if..elif ..else mentioned above, condition -1 is tested if it is true then statements-block 1 is executed, otherwise, the control checks condition-2, if it is true statements-block 2 is executed and even if it fails statements-block n mentioned in else part is executed.

(iv) 'elif' clause combines if..else-if ..else statements to one if..elif ... else. 'elif' can be considered to be abbreviation of 'else if'. In an 'if' statement there is no limit of 'elif' clause that can be used, but an 'else' clause if used should be placed at the end.
(v) Example: # Program to illustrate the use of nested if statement

m1 = int (input("Enter mark in first subject:"))
m2 = int (input("Enter mark in second subject:"))
avg = (m1+m2)/2
if avg > =80:
   print ("Grade : A")
elif avg > =70 and avg < 80:
   print ("Grade : B")
elif avg > =60 and avg < 70:
   print ("Grade : C")
elif avg > =50 and avg < 60:
   print ("Gradec: D")
else:
   print("Grade : E")
Output 1:
Enter mark in first subject : 34
Enter mark in second subject : 78
Grade : D
Output 2:
Enter mark in first Subject : 67
Enter mark in  second subject : 73
Grade: B

The following are the desirable characteristics of a module.
(i) Modules contain instructions, processing logic, and data.
(ii) Modules can be separately compiled and stored in a library.
(iii) Modules can be included in a program.
(iv) Module segments can be used by invoking a name and some parameters.
(v) Module segments can be used by other modules.

(i) The structure construct (In OOP languages it's called class construct) is used to represent multi-part objects where each part is named (given a name). Consider the following pseudo code:
Class Person:
creation()
first Name:=""
last Name:=""
id :=""
email :=""
The new data type Person is pictorially represented as

In the case of something more complex, like a person, we have a multí-item object where each item is a named thing: the first name, the last name, the id, and the email. One could use a list to represent a person:
Person = ['padmashri', 'Baskar', '994-222-1234', 'compsci@gmail.com']

(ii) The class (structure) construct defines the from for multi-part objects that represent a person.
(iii) Person is referred to as a class or a type, while pl is referred to as an object or an instance.
(iv) Here class Person as a Cookie cutter, and pl as a particular cookie, Using the cookie cutter you can make many cookies, Same way using class created many objects of that type. 
(v) A class defines a data abstraction by grouping related data items. A class is not just data, it has functions defined within it, We say such  functions are subordinate to the class because their job is to do thngs with the data of the class.

Data abstraction is used to define an Abstract Data Type (ADT), which is a collection of constructors and selectors. T facilitate data abstraction,you will need to create two types of functions : Constructors and Selectors.
Constructors :
(i) Constructors are functions that build the abstract data type.
(ii) Constructors create an object, bundling together different pieces of information.
(iii) For example, say you have an abstract data type called city.
(iv) This city object will hold the city's name, and its latitude and longitude.
(v) To create a city object, you'd use a function like city = makecity (name, lat, lon).
(vi) Here makecity (name, lat, lon) is the constructor which creates the object city.

Selectors :
(i) Selectors are functions that retrieve information from the data type.
(ii) Selectors extract individual pieces of information fromn the object.
(iii) To extract the information of a city object, you wouldused functions like
getname(city)
getlat(city)
getlon(city)
These are the selectors because these functions extract the information of the city object.

Interface:
(i)  An interface is a set of action that an object can do. For example when you press a light switch, the light goes on, you may not have cared how it splashed the light. In Object Oriented Programnming language, an Interface is a description of all functions.
(ii) In our example, anything that "ACTS LIKE" a light, should have function definitions like turn_on () and a turn_off (). The purpose of interfaces is to allow the Computer to enforce the properties of the class.
Implementation:
(i) Implementation carries out the instructions defined in the interface.
(ii) How the object is processed and executed is the implementation.
(iii) A class declaration combines the external interface (its local state) with an implementation of that interface (the code that carries out the behaviour).
For example, let's take the example of increasing a car's speed.


(iv) The person who drives the car doesn't care about the internal working. To increase the speed of the car he just presses the accelerator to get the desired behaviour. Here the accelerator is the interface between the driver (the calling / invoking object) and the engine ( the called object).
(v) In this case, the function call would be speed (70):, this is the interface Internally, the engine of the car is doing all the things but fuel, air, pressure, and electricity come together to create the power to move the vehicle.
(vi)  All of these actions are separated from the driver, who just wants to go faster. Thus we separate interface from implementation.

Python class function or method is very similar to ordinary function with a small difference. The class method must have the first argument  named as self.

Output:
{'A', 2, 4, 'D', 'B' ,'C'}
{'A', 'D'}
{2, 4}
{2, 4, 'B", C'}

# Program to join two tuples
Tup1 = (2,4,6,8,10)
Tup2 = (1,3,5,7,9)
Tup3 = Tup1 + Tup2
print(Tup3)
Output:
(2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9)

s = [ ]
for x in range (6, 11)
a=x**2
s. append (a)
print (s)

Output:
(i) [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
(ii) [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

The process of subdividing a computer program into separate sub-programs is called modular programming.

The output of the program
7
10