(i) character
(ii) Signed decimal integer
(iii) String

(i) Relational Algebra, was first created by Edgar F Codd while at IBM. It was used for modeling the data stored in relational databases and defining queries on it.
(ii) Relational Algebra is a procedural query language used to query the database tables using SQL.
(iii) Relational algebra operations are performed recursively on a relation (table) to yield an output. The output of these operations is a new relation, which might be formed by one or more input relations.

The Database Management System can be divided into five major components as follows:
(i) Hardware
(ii) Software
(iii) Data
(iv) Procedures / Methods
(v) Database Access Languages

(i) A DBMS is a soft ware that allows us to create, define and manipulate database, allowing users to store, process and analyze data easily.
(ii) DBMS provides us with an interface or a tool, to perform various operations to create a database, storing of data and for updating data, etc.
(iii) DBMS also provides protection and security to the databases. It also maintains data consistency in case of multiple users.

1. It denotes class name
2. x, y is a class variables of the class
3. S is an object created to access the members of the class

Output:
The object value is = 15
The count of object created = 1
The object value is = 35
The count of object created = 2
The object value is = 45
The count of object created = 3

for word in "Jump Statement":
if word = = "e":
break
print (word, end=")
else:
print ("End of the loop")
print ("\n End of the program")
Output:
Jump Stat
End of the program

range (1,30,1) - will start the range of values from 1 and end at 29
range (2,30,2) - will start the range of values from 2 and end at 28
range (30,3,-3) - will start the range of values from 30 and end at 6
range (20) - will consider this value 20 as the end value(or upper limit) and starts the range count from 0 to 19 (remember always ranget) will work till stop -1 value only)

Program:
ch=input ("Enter a character :")
# to check if the letter is vowel
if ch in ('a', 'A', 'e', 'E', 'i', 'I', 'o', 'O', 'u', 'U'):
print (ch,' is a vowel')
# to check if the letter typed is not 'a' or 'b' or 'c'
if ch not in ('a', 'b', 'c'):
print (ch,' the letter is not a/b/c')
Output 1:
Enter a character: e
e is a vowel
Output 2:
Enter a character :x
x the letter is not a/b/c

Simple if statement: Simple if is the simplest of all decision making statements. Condition should be in the form of relational or logical expression.
Syntax:
if :
statements-block1
In the above syntax if the condition is true statements - block 1 will be executed.
Example: Program to check the age and print whether eligible for voting
x=int (input("Enter your age :"))
if x > = 18:
print ("You are eligible for voting")
Output 1:
Enter your age: 34
You are eligible for voting
Output 2:
Enter your age: 16
>>>

class Student:
mark1, mark2, mark3 = 45, 91, 71
#class variable
​​​​​#class method
def process(self):
sum = Student.mark1 + Student.mark2 + Student.mark3
avg = sum/3
print("Total Marks = ", sum)
print("Average Marks = ", avg)
return
S=Student()
S.process()
Output:
Total marks = 207
Average Marks = 69.0

(i) Object is a collection of data and function that act on those data. Class is a template for the object
(ii) According to the concept of Object Oriented Programming, objects are also called as instances of a class or class variable.
(iii) In Python, everything is an object. For example, all integer variables that we use in our program is an object of class into Similarly all string variables are also object of class string.

(i) # Deleting a particular element
(ii) # Deleting all elements
(iii) # Deleting entire dictionary

(i) In a list, elements are defined within square brackets, whereas in tuples, they may be enclosed by parenthesis.
(ii) The elements of a tuple can be even defined without parenthesis.
(iii) Whether the elements defined within parenthesis or without parenthesis, there is no differente in it's function.

Output:
(i) 2
(ii) 1
(iii) [12, 12, 36]

Output:
(i) 34, 45, 48, 80
(ii) 34, 45, 48, 80, 90
(iii) [34, 98, 47, 90, 55]

Dynamic programming is an algorithmic design method that can be used when the solution to a problem can be viewed as the result of a sequence of decisions. Dynamic Programming approach is similar to divide and conquer.
(i) The given problem will be divided into smaller overlapping sub-problems.
(ii) An optimum solution for the given problem can be achieved by using result of smaller sub-problem.
(iii) Dynamic algorithms uses Memoization.

The execution time that you measure in this case would depend on a number of factors such as:
(i) Speed of the machine
(ii) Compiler and other system Software tools
(iii) Operating System
(iv) Programming language used
(v) Volume of data required

(i) A space-time or time-memory trade off is a way of solving in less time by using more storage space or by solving a given algorithm in very little space by spending more time.
(ii) To solve a given programming problem, many different algorithms may be used. Some of these algorithms may be extremely time-efficient and others extremely spaceefficient.
(iii) Time/space trade off refers to a situation where you can reduce the use of memory at the cost of slower program execution, or reduce the running time at the cost of increased memory usage.

(i) Comment
(ii) Operands
(iii) 3

(i) Python uses whitespace such as spaces and tabs to define program blocks whereas other languages like C, C++, java use curly braces { } to indicate blocks of codes for class, functions or body of the loops and block of selection command.
(ii) The number of whitespaces (spaces and tabs) in the indentation is not fixed, but all statements within the block must be indented with same amount spaces.

(1) int
(2) int
(3) input
(4) print
(5) x + y

(i) Public members (generally methods declared in a class) are accessible from outside the class.
(ii) Protected members of a class are accessible from within the class and are also available to its sub-classes.
(iii) Private members of a class are denied access from outside the class. They can be handled only from within the class.

(i) A module is a part of a program. Programs are composed of one or more independently developed modules. A single module can contain one or several statements closely related each other.
(ii) Modules work perfectly on individual level and can be integrated with other modules. A software program can be divided into modules to ease the job of programming and debugging as well.
(iii) A program can be divided into small functional modules that work together to get the output. The process of subdividing a computer program into separate subprograms is called Modular programming.
(iv) Modular programming enables programmers to divide up the work and debug pieces of the program independently. The examples of modules are procedures, subroutines, and functions.