i. Atmospheric Noise:
Atmospheric noise or static is caused by lightning discharges in thunderstorms and other natural electrical disturbances occurring in the atmosphere.
ii. Industrial Noise:
Industrial noise refers to noise that is created in the factories. Sound becomes noise it becomes unwanted. Heavy industries like shipbuilding, iron, and steel have long been associated with Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL).
iii. Man-made Noise:
The main sources of man-made noise pollution are ships, aircraft, seismic exploration, marine construction, drilling, and motor boats.

i. Solid waste:
It includes all kinds of rubbish like paper, plastic containers, bottles, cans, food, used cars, broken electronic goods, municipal waste, and hospital waste.
ii. Pesticides and Fertilizers:
Many farming activities engage in the application of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides for higher crop yield which pollute land.
iii. Deforestation:
Humans depend on trees for many things including life. Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the air and release Oxygen, which is needed for life. Forest helps replenish soils and help retain nutrients being washed away. Deforestation is led to land pollution.

The introduction (directly or indirectly) of substances or energy into the marine environment (including, estuaries) result in deleterious effects to living resources, hazards to human health, hindrance to marine activities.