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Published on: 13/05/2022
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Questions + Answers key
Take MCQ Economics Test1.
What are the taxes levied and collected by the union but assigned to the states?
2.
numerate the factors are taken into account while preparing the budget
3.
Distinguish between Balanced and Unbalanced Budget.
4.
List the Revenue of Union Sources.
5.
Explain the classification of public expenditure.
1.
1. Duties in respect of succession to property other than agricultural land.
2. Estate duty in respect of property other than agricultural land.
3. Taxes on railway fares and freights.
4. Taxes other than stamp duties on transactions in stock exchanges and future markets.
5. Taxes on the sale or purchase of newspapers and on advertisements published therein
6. Terminal taxes on goods or passengers carried by railways, sea or air.
7. Taxes on the sale or purchase of goods other than newspapers where such sale or purchase taxes place in the course of inter-State trade or commerce.
2.
(i) The macro economic targets to be achieved within a plan period;
(ii) The basic strategy of the budget;
(iii) The financial requirements of different projects;
(iv) Estimates of the revenue expenditures (includes defence expenditure, subsidy, interest payment on debt etc.);
(v) Estimates of the capital expenditures (includes development of railways, roadways, irrigations etc.);
(vi) Estimates of revenue receipts from tax and non-tax revenues;
(vii) Estimates of capital receipts from the recovery of loans, disinvestment of public sector units, market borrowings etc.
(viii) Estimates of the gap between revenue receipts and revenue expenditure; and
(ix) Estimates of fiscal deficit, primary deficit, and revenue deficit.
(x) Finance commission is a quasi-judicial body set up under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution. It was established in the year 1951, to define the fiscal relationship framework between the Centre and the state.
3.
| Balanced Budget | Unbalanced Budget |
| 1. In case of balanced budget, the proposed govt. expenditure is equal to the estimated govt. receipts in the budget year. | 1. In case of unbalanced budget, the proposed expenditure and the estimated receipt are unequal during the budget year. |
| 2. Balanced budget reduces unproductive and extravagant expenditure of the govt | 2. Unbalanced (deficit) budget helps the govt. to incur unproductive and extravagant expenditure. |
| 3. It is ineffective during economic instability. | 3. It is effective during economic instability (surplus during inflation and deficit during deflation). |
| 4. It fails to achieve full employment from under-employment equilibrium | 4. Unbalanced (deficit) budget is a powerful instrument to achieve full employment |
| 5. It cannot solve the problems of underdeveloped countries (UDCs). | 5. Unbalanced (deficit) budget is a powerful instrument of resource mobilisation for economic development of UDCs. |
4.
1. Corporation tax.
2. Currency, coinage and legal tender, foreign exchange.
3. Duties of customs including export duties.
4. Duties of excise on tobacco and certain goods manufactured or produced in India.
5. Estate duty in respect of property other than agricultural land.
6. Fees in respect of any of the matters in the Union List, but not including any fees taken in any Court.
7. Foreign Loans.
8. Lotteries organized by the Government of India or the Government of a State.
9. Post Office Savings Bank.
10. Posts and Telegraphs, telephones, wireless, Broadcasting and other forms of communication.
11. Property of the Union.
12. Public Debt of the Union.
13. Railways.
14. Rates of stamp duty in respect of Bills of Exchange, Cheques, Promissory Notes, etc.
15. Reserve Bank of India.
16. Taxes on income other than agricultural income.
17. Taxes on the capital value of the assets, exclusive of agricultural land of individuals and companies.
18. Taxes other than stamp duties on transactions in stock exchanges and future markets.
19. Taxes on the sale or purchase of newspapers and on advertisements published therein.
20. Terminal taxes on goods or passengers, carried by railways, sea or air.
5.
Classification of public expenditure are as follows:
1. Classification on the Basis of Benefit:
(a) Public expenditure benefiting the entire society, e.g., the expenditure on general administration, defense, education, public health, transport.
(b) Public expenditure conferring a special benefit on certain people and at the same time common benefit on the entire community, e.g, administration of justice etc.
(c) Public expenditure directly benefiting particular group of persons and indirectly the entire society, e.g. social security, public welfare, pension, unemployment relief etc. (d) Public expenditure conferring a special benefit on some individuals, e.g., subsidy granted to a particular industry.
2. Classification on the Basis of Function:
(a) Protection Functions: This group includes public expenditure incurred on the security of the citizens, to protect from external invasion and internal disorder, e.g., defence, police, courts etc.
(b) Commercial Functions: This group includes public expenditure incurred on the development of trade and commerce, e.g., development of means of transport and communication etc.
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