1) Part of the problem lay in the expansion of the public sector into non-strategic areas like tourism, hotels, consumer goods and so on. Services which depended on interactions with consumers were doing badly because of bad staff attitude.
2) Decisions on location were made for political rather than efficiency considerations.
3) Delays in construction resulted in cost overrun, so that the units were overcapitalized.
4) Administrative prices were not always economical.
5) Public sector units were also overstaffed, though the technology of heavy industries did not require so many workers. This increased the operating cost of the units, Inefficiency in management, all are the major factors which contributed to the poor performance of the Public sector enterprises.

The backwardness of agriculture could be attributed to two factors: institutional and technological.
(i) Institutional factors refer to the social and economic relations that prevailed, particularly between the land-owning classes and the cultivating classes. 
(ii) Technological factors relate to use of better seeds, improved methods of cultivation, use of chemical fertilizers, use of machinery like tractors and harvester combines, and provision of irrigation.

1) The purpose was to provide rural households with assets which would improve their economic position, so that they would be able to come out of poverty.
2) These could be improvements to the land, supply of cows or goats for dairying or help to set up small shops or other trade-related businesses.
3) The capital cost of the assets provided was covered by subsidies and loans varied based on economic situation of the family receiving assistance.
4) The functioning and the effects of IRDP were assessed by many economists as well as government bodies.
5) The ultimate conclusion was that the programme did not really deliver on the benefits that were intended,
6) The programme was restructured in 1999 as a programme to promote self-employment of the rural poor.

Within twenty years after independence, India achieved self-sufficiency in food production.
1) Total rice production increased from 35 million tonnes in 1960-61 to 104 million tonnes in 2011-12.
2) wheat production was even more impressive, from 11 million tonnes to 94 million tonnes  during the same period
3) This also created an enormous demand for chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and these industries grew as well.
4) There is also a sustained increase in the production of milk and eggs. A large reserve stock of food grain was built up by the government through buying the surplus food grain from the farmers and storing this in warehouses of the Food Corporation of India (FCI).

Tenancy reform legislation was aimed at achieving three ends:
(i) to regulate the rent;
(ii) to secure the rights of the tenant;
(iii) to confer ownership rights on the tenants by expropriating the land of the landowners.