1. The pope tried to hold peace talks with Luther by calling him for Diet of Worms. If failed.
2. The Diet of Worms disavowed his books and burnt them.
3. He was outlawed from the Holy Roman Empire by the emperor. Martin Luther's radical views influenced many and one such was Thomas Muntzer who fought for a classless society.
4. This started the Peasant's Rebelling in parts of Germany. However, Luther supported the feudal lords in this fight and denounced the peasant movement.

1. The discovery of the sea route to Americas by Columbus and the conquest of Inca and Aztec empires by the Spaniards brought enormous wealth.
2. This made Spain prosperous, and it began to play a leading part in European politics.

1. The Spanish kings were apprehensive about the Portuguese venture into sea voyages.
2. They requested Pope Alexander VI to find a solution. In 1493, the Pope issued a Papal Bull (proclamation).
3. The proclamation drew a north-south line from pole to passing around 320 miles west of the Cape Verde islands.
4. It declared that any new discoveries west of the line belonged to spain.

1. Florence is one of the city states in Italy which was influenced by a powerful merchant family called medici.
2. Cosimo de Medici who was engaged in banking with many branches across Italy had indirect control over the functioning of the government between 1434 and 1464.
3. After his death, his grandson Lorenzo took over and controlled the government. He was known as Lorenzo, the Magnificent.
4. During this period, the Medici family patronised many artists including Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.

1. Erasmus was a protester of many church practices and teachings.
2. His well known work, the praise of folly (1511), made fun of theologians and monks.