(i) Pope Paul III appointed the cardinals to reform the Catholic Church.
(ii) The Council of Trent met three times in eighteen years and emphasised faith in the Bible - and the teachings at Church along with adherence to the seven sacraments for salvation.
(iii) The celibacy of the priests and the supremacy of the Pope were upheld.
(iv) The council also removed the abuses in the Church such as sale of indulgence, nepotism and absenteeism of the Bishops.
(v) It supported the image worship of Jesus and Mary in all churches.

(i) There was conflict between two royal houses in England namely the House of York and House of Lancaster for the throne.
(ii) This led to the War of the Roses.
(iii) They wore badges of white rose and red rose respectively, hence the name.
(iv) In this civil war, Henry Tudor emerged victorious and he started a new line of monarchy in England.

(i) The king setup the Spanish Inquisition through which the Jew and Moor converts were kept in strict vigil.
(ii) Many non-believers were tried, tortured and burnt at the stake.
(iii) The royal house became more powerful than the church.

(i) Holy Communion (also known as the Eucharist) is a religious ceremony performed in church by Catholics.
(ii) Catholic Christians partake of Holy Communion in remembrance of the sacrifices made by Jesus.
(iii) They accept bread and wine which are believed to symbolise (transubstantiation) the body and blood of Jesus Christ.

(i) The medieval kings were at the mercy of their nobles who were prepared to align with the king's enemies at any time.
(ii) The plague that struck Europe in medieval time weakened the nobility. As thousands of peasants died-the nobility lost their work force and their taxes too.
(iii) Nobles died in large numbers during the course of Crusades. The decline of feudalism was a decisive factor in enabling the new rising monarchy to assert itself.