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Published on: 13/05/2022
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Questions + Answers key
Take MCQ Maths Test1.
Evaluate the following limit, if necessary use l ’Hôpital Rule
\(\underset { x\rightarrow \infty }{ lim } { e }^{ -x }\sqrt { x } \)
2.
Evaluate : \(\underset{x\rightarrow 1^{-}}{lim}(\frac{log(1-x)}{cot(\pi x)})\).
3.
Expand sin x in ascending powers x - \(\frac{\pi}{4}\) upto three non-zero terms.
4.
Write down the Taylor series expansion, of the function log x about x =1 upto three nonzero terms for x > 0.
5.
Show that the value in the conclusion of the mean value theorem for
f(x) = Ax2 + Bx + c on any interval [a, b] is \(\frac{a+b}{2}\)
6.
Find the absolute extrem of the following function on the given closed interval
f(x) = x2 -12x + 10; [1, 2]
7.
Determine the intervals of concavity of the curve y = 3+ sin x .
8.
Find the intervals of monotonicity and hence find the local extrema for the function \(f(x)=x^{\frac{2}{3}}\).
9.
10.
Find the asymptotes of the function f(x) = \(\frac{1}{x}\)
1.
\(\underset { x\rightarrow \infty }{ lim } { e }^{ -x }\sqrt { x } =\underset { x\rightarrow \infty }{ lim } \frac { { \sqrt { x } } }{ { e }^{ x } } =\frac { \infty }{ \infty } \)
Which is in indeterminate form. Applying L' Hopital rule we get,
\(\underset { x\rightarrow \infty }{ lim } \frac { \frac { 1 }{ 2 } { x }^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } -1 } }{ { e }^{ x } } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \underset { x\rightarrow \infty }{ lim } \frac { { x }^{ \frac { 1 }{ 2 } -1 } }{ { e }^{ x } } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \underset { x\rightarrow \infty }{ lim } \frac { { e }^{ -x } }{ \sqrt { x } } \)
\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \underset { x\rightarrow \infty }{ lim } e^{ -x }\sqrt { \frac { 1 }{ x } } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { e }^{ -\infty }(0)=0\) [When x ➝ ∞, \(\frac1x\) ➝ 0 e-∞ = 0]
2.
This is an indeterminate form \(\frac{\infty}{\infty}\) and hence we use the l’Hôpital’s Rule to evaluate.
\(\underset{x\rightarrow 1^{-}}{lim}(\frac{log(1-x)}{cot(\pi x)})=\underset{x\rightarrow1^{-}}{lim}(\frac{-\frac{1}{1-x}}{-\pi cosec^{2}(\pi x)})\) \((\frac{\infty}{\infty})\)
On Simplication,
\(=\underset{x\rightarrow-1}{lim}(\frac{sin^{2}(\pi x)}{\pi (1-x)})\) \((\frac{0}{0})\)
again applying the l’Hôpital Rule
\(= \underset{x\rightarrow 1^{-}}{lim}(\frac{2\pi sin(\pi x). cos(\pi x)}{-\pi})\)
=\(\underset{x\rightarrow -1}{lim}(-2 sin(\pi x).cos (\pi x))\)
= 0.
3.
Let (x) = sin x
fI(x) = cos x
fII(x) = - sin x
fIII(x) = -cos x
⇒ \(f\left( \frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) =sin\frac { \pi }{ 4 } =\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \)
\({ f }^{ 1 }\left( \frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) =cos\frac { \pi }{ 4 } =\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \)
\({ f }^{ II }\left( \frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) =sin\frac { \pi }{ 4 } =-\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \)
\({ f }^{ II }\left( \frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) =-cos\frac { \pi }{ 4 } =-\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \)
Taylors' series for f (x) at x = \(\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \) is
\(f(x)=f\left( \frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) +\frac { { f }^{ I }\left( \frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) }{ 1! } \left( x-\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) +\frac { { f }^{ II }\left( \frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) }{ 2! } { \left( x-\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) }^{ 2 }+\frac { { f }^{ III }\left( \frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) }{ 3! } { \left( x-\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) }^{ 3 }\)+...
\(sinx=\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } +\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \left( x-\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) -\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \frac { { \left( x-\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) }^{ 2 } }{ 2! } -\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \frac { { \left( x-\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) }^{ 3 } }{ 3! } +...\)
\(=\frac { 1 }{ \sqrt { 2 } } \left[ 1+\left( x-\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) -\frac { 1 }{ 2! } { \left( x-\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) }^{ 2 }-\frac { 1 }{ 3! } { \left( x-\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) }^{ 3 }+..... \right] \)
\(sinx=\frac { \sqrt { 2 } }{ 2 } \left[ 1+\frac { 1 }{ 1! } \left( x-\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) -\frac { 1 }{ 2! } { \left( x-\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) }-\frac { 1 }{ 3! } { \left( x-\frac { \pi }{ 4 } \right) }+..... \right] \)
4.
Let f(x) = log x
fl(x) = \(\frac{1}{x}\) = x-1
flI(x) = -1x-2
fIII(x) = 2x-3
fIV(x) = -6 x-4
⇒ f(1) = log 1 = 0
fl(1) = \(\frac11\) = 1
fll(1) = -1
flll(1) = 2
fIV(1) = -6
Taylor series for f(x) at x = 1 is
\(f(x)=f(1)+\frac { { f }^{ 1 }(1) }{ 1! } (x-1)+\frac { { f }^{ II }(1) }{ 2! } ({ x-1) }^{ 2 }+\frac { { f }^{ III }(1) }{ 3! } { (x-1) }^{ 3 }+\).....
log x = \(\frac { 1 }{ 1! } (x-1)+\frac { -1 }{ 2! } { (x-1) }^{ 2 }+\frac { 2 }{ 3! } ({ x-1) }^{ 3 }-\frac { 6 }{ 4! } ({ x-1) }^{ 4 }+..\)
log x = \((x-1)-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } { (x-1) }^{ 2 }+\frac { 1 }{ 3 } { (x-1) }^{ 3 }-\frac { 1 }{ 4 } ({ x-1) }^{ 4 }\)+ ....
5.
Given f(x) = Ax2 + Bx + C, x ∈ [a, b]
a) f (x) is continuous in [a, b]
b) f(x) is differentiate in (a, b)
c) f(b) = Ab2+ Bb + c,
f(a) = Aa2+ Ba + c
Using mean value theorem, there exists c ∈ [a, b] such that f'(c) = \(\frac { f(b)-f(a) }{ b-a } \)
2Ac + B = \(\frac { (A{ b }^{ 2 }+Bb+C)-(A{ a }^{ 2 }+Ba+C) }{ b-a } \)
\(=\frac{A b^{2}+B b+\not C-A a^{2}-B a-\not C}{b-a}\)
= \(\frac { a(b+a)(b-a)+B(b-a) }{ b-a } \)
\(=\frac{(\not b-a)[\mathrm{A}( b+a)+\mathrm{B}]}{\not b-a}\)
\(2 \mathrm{~A} c+\not \mathbf{B}=\mathrm{A}(a+b)+\not \mathrm{B}\)
⇒ 2Ac = A(a + b)
= \(\frac{a+b}{2}\) ∈ [a, b]
6.
f(x) = x2 -12x + 10; [1, 2]
Given f(x) = x2 -12x + 10 ; [1, 2]
f'(x) = 2x - 12
f'(x) = 0
\(\Rightarrow\) 2x-12 = 0
\(\Rightarrow\) 2x = 12
\(\Rightarrow\) x = 6
\(\therefore\) The critical number is 6
Evaluating f (x) at the end points x = 1,
x = 2 and at the critical number x = 6 we get
f(1) = 12-12(1)+10 = -1
f(2) = 22-12(2)+10 = -10
Absolute maximum f(1) = -1
Absolute minimum f(2) = -10
7.
The given function is a periodic function with period 2π and hence there will be stationary points and points of inflections in each period interval. We have,
\(\frac { dy }{ dx } =cosx\) and \(\frac { { d }^{ 2 }y }{ { dx }^{ 2 } } =sinx\)
Now,\( \frac { { d }^{ 2 }y }{ { dx }^{ 2 } } =-sinx=0\Rightarrow x=n\pi \)
We now consider an interval, (-π, π ) by splitting into two sub intervals \(\left( -\pi ,0 \right) \) and \(\left( 0,\pi \right) \)
In the interval \(\left( -\pi ,0 \right) ,\frac { { d }^{ 2 }y }{ { dx }^{ 2 } } >0\) and hence the function is concave upward
In the interval \(\left( -\pi ,0 \right) ,\frac { { d }^{ 2 }y }{ { dx }^{ 2 } } <0\) and hence the function is concave downward. Therefore (0,3) is a point of inflection. The general intervals need to be considered to discuss the concavity of the curve are \(\left( n\pi ,\left( n+1 \right) \pi \right) \), where n is any integer which can be discussed as before to conclude that \(\left( n\pi ,3 \right) \) are also points of inflection.
8.
We have , f(x) = \(x^\frac{2}{3}\) then \(f'(x)=\frac{2}{3}x^{-\frac{1}{3}}\)\(=\frac{2}{3x^{\frac{1}{3}}}, f'(x)\ne 0 \forall x \in R\) and f'(x) does not exist at x = 0.
Therefore, there are no stationary points but there is a critical point at x = 0.
| Interval | \((-\infty,0)\) | \((0,\infty)\) |
| Sign of f'(x) | - | + |
| Monotonicity | strictly decreasing | strictly increasing |
| \(\searrow \) | ↗️ |
Because f'(x) changes its sign from negative to positive when passing through x = 0 for the function it has a local minimum at x = 0. The local minimum value is f(0) = 0. Note that here the local minimum occurs at a critical point which is not a stationary point.
9.
10.
We have,
\(\underset { x\rightarrow { 0 }^{ - } }{ lim } =-\infty \ and\ \underset { x\rightarrow { 0 }^{ x } }{ lim } =\frac { 1 }{ x } =\infty \). Hence, the required vertical asymptote is x = 0 or the y -axis.
As the curve is symmetric with respect to both the axes, y = 0 or the x -axis is also an asymptote.
Hence this (rectangular hyperbola) curve has both the vertical and horizontal asymptotes.
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