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Published on: 13/05/2022
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Take MCQ Maths Test1.
If D is the midpoint of the side BC of a triangle ABC, then show by vector method that \({ \left| \vec { AB } \right| }^{ 2 }+{ \left| \vec { AC } \right| }^{ 2 }=2({ \left| \vec { AD} \right| }^{ 2 }+{ \left| \vec { BD } \right| }^{ 2 })\)
2.
Find the angle between the lines \(\vec { r } =(\hat { i } +2\hat { j } +4\hat { k } )+t(2\hat { i } +2\hat { j } +\hat { k } )\) and the straight line passing through the points (5, 1, 4) and (9, 2, 12)
3.
Find the vector equation in parametric form and Cartesian equations of the line passing through (-4, 2, -3) and is parallel to the line \(\frac { -x-2 }{ 4 } =\frac { y+3 }{ -2 } =\frac { 2z-6 }{ 3 } \)
4.
If \(\vec { a } ,\vec { b } ,\vec { c } ,\vec { d } \) are coplanar vectors, then show that \((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )\times (\vec { c } \times \vec { d } )=\vec { 0 } \).
5.
Prove that \([\vec { a } -\vec { b } ,\vec { b } -\vec { c } ,\vec { c } -\vec { a } ]\) = 0
6.
Let \(\vec { a } ,\vec { b } ,\vec { c } \) be three non-zero vectors such that \(\vec { c } \) is a unit vector perpendicular to both \(\vec { a } \) and \(\vec { b } \). If the angle between \(\vec { a } \) and \(\vec { b } \) is \(\frac { \pi }{ 6 } \), show that \({ [\vec { a } ,\vec { b } ,\vec { c } ] }^{ 2 }\) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 } { \left| \vec { a } \right| }^{ 2 }{ \left| \vec { b } \right| }^{ 2 }\)
7.
Forces of magnit \(5\sqrt { 2 } \) and \(10\sqrt { 2 } \) units acting in the directions \(\hat { 3i } +\hat { 4j } +\hat { 5k } \) and \(\hat { 10i } +\hat { 6j } -\hat { 8k } \) respectively, act on a particle which is displaced from the point with position vector \(\hat { 4i } -\hat { 3j } -\hat { 2k } \) to the point with position vector \(\hat { 6i } +\hat { j } -\hat { 3k } \). Find the work done by the forces.
8.
Prove by vector method that the area of the quadrilateral ABCD having diagonals AC and BD is \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \left| \vec { AC } \times \vec { BD } \right| \).
9.
Prove by vector method that the diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles.
10.
For any vector \(\vec { a } \), prove that \(\hat { i } \times (\vec { a } \times \hat { i } )+\hat { j } \times (\vec { a } \times \hat { j } )+\hat { k } \times \vec { a } \times \hat { k } =2\vec { a } \).
1.
Let A be the origin, \(\vec { b } \) be the position vector of B and \(\vec {c } \) be the position vector of C .
Now D is the midpoint of BC , and so the position vector of D \(\frac{\vec{b}+\vec{c}}{2}\). There, we get

\({ \left| \vec { AD } \right| }^{ 2 }=\vec { AD } .\vec { AD } \)= \(\left( \frac { \vec { b } +\vec { c } }{ 2 } \right) .\left( \frac { \vec { b } +\vec { c } }{ 2 } \right) \)= \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 } ({ \left| \vec { b } \right| }^{ 2 }+{ \left| \vec { c } \right| }^{ 2 }+2\overrightarrow { b } .\vec { c } )\)....(1)
Now, \(\vec { BD } =\vec { AD } -\vec { AB } \) = \(\frac { \vec { b } +\vec { c } }{ 2 } -\vec { b }=\frac { \vec {c } -\vec { b} }{ 2 }\)
Then, we get, =\({ \left| \vec { BD } \right| }^{ 2 }=\vec { BD } .\vec {BD } \) = \(\left( \frac { \vec { c } -\vec { b} }{ 2 } \right) .\left( \frac { \vec { c } -\vec { b} }{ 2 } \right) \) = \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 } ({ \left| \vec { b } \right| }^{ 2 }+{ \left| \vec { c } \right| }^{ 2 }-2\overrightarrow { b } .\vec { c } )\)....(2)
Now, adding (1) and (2), we get
Therefore, \({ \left| \vec { AD } \right| }^{ 2 }+{ \left| \vec { BD } \right| }^{ 2 }=\frac { 1 }{ 4 } ({ \left| \vec { b } \right| }^{ 2 }+{ \left| \vec { c } \right| }^{ 2 }+2\overrightarrow { b } .\vec { c } )+\frac { 1 }{ 4 } ({ \left| \vec { b } \right| }^{ 2 }+{ \left| \vec { c } \right| }^{ 2 }-2\overrightarrow { b } .\vec { c } )=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } ({ \left| \vec { b } \right| }^{ 2 }+{ \left| \vec { c } \right| }^{ 2 })\)
⇒ \({ \left| \vec { AD } \right| }^{ 2 }+{ \left| \vec { BD } \right| }^{ 2 }=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } ({ \left| \vec { AB } \right| }^{ 2 }+{ \left| \vec { AC } \right| }^{ 2 })\)
Hence, \({ \left| \vec { AB } \right| }^{ 2 }+{ \left| \vec { AC } \right| }^{ 2 }=2({ \left| \vec { AD } \right| }^{ 2 }+{ \left| \vec { BD } \right| }^{ 2 })\)
2.
We know that the line \(\vec { r } =(\hat { i } +2\hat { j } +4\hat { k } )+t(2\hat { i } +2\hat { j } +\hat { k } )\) is parallel to the vector \(2\hat { i } +2\hat { j } +\hat { k } \).
Direction ratios of the straight line joining the two given points (5, 1, 4) and (9, 2, 12) are 4,1,8 and hence this line is parallel to the vector \(\hat { 4i } +\hat { j } +8\hat { k } \)
Therefore, the angle between the given two straight lines is
\(\theta ={ cos }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { \left| \vec { b } .\vec { d } \right| }{ \left| \vec { b } \right| \left| \vec { d } \right| } \right) \), where \(\vec { b } \) = \(2\hat { i } +2\hat { j } +\hat { k } \) and \(\vec { d } \) = \(\hat { 4i } +\hat { j } +8\hat { k } \)
Therefore, \(\theta ={ cos }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { \left| (2\hat { i } +2\hat { j } +\hat { k } ).(4\hat { i } +\hat { j } +8\hat { k } ) \right| }{ \left| 2\hat { i } +2\hat { j } +\hat { k } \right| \left| 4\hat { i } +\hat { j } +8\hat { k } \right| } \right) ={ cos }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { 2 }{ 3 } \right) \)
3.
Rewriting the given equations as\(\frac { x+2 }{ 4 } =\frac { y+3 }{ -2 } =\frac { 2z-6 }{ 3/2 } \) and comparing with \(\frac { x-{ x }_{ 1 } }{ { b }_{ 1 } } =\frac { y-{ y }_{ 1 } }{ { b }_{ 2 } } =\frac { z-{ z }_{ 1 } }{ { b }_{ 3 } } \) we have \(\vec { b } ={ b }_{ 1 }\hat { i } +{ b }_{ 2 }\hat { j } +{ b }_{ 3 }\hat { k } \) = \(-4\hat { i } -2\hat { j } +\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \hat { k } =-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } (8\hat { i } +4\hat { j } -3\hat { k } )\). Clearly, \(\vec { b } \) is parallel to the vector \(8\hat { i } +4\hat { j } -3\hat { k } \). Therefore, a vector equation of the required straight line passing through the given point (-4, 2, -3) and parallel to the vector \(8\hat { i } +4\hat { j } -3\hat { k } \) in parametric form is
\(\vec { r } =(-4\hat { i } +2\hat { j } -3\hat { k } )+t(8\hat { i } +4\hat { j } -3\hat { k } )\), t ∈ R
Therefore, Cartesian equations of the required straight line are given by
\(\frac { x-4 }{ 8 } =\frac { y-2 }{ 4 } =\frac { z+3 }{ -3 } \)
4.
Given \(\vec { a } ,\vec { b } ,\vec { c } \) and \(\vec { d } \) are co-planar vectors.
\((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )\times (\vec { c } \times \vec { d } )=[\vec { a } \vec { b } \vec { d } ]\vec { c } -[\vec { a } \vec { b } \vec { c } ]\vec { d } \)...(1)
If \(\vec { a } ,\vec { b } ,\vec { c } \) and \(\vec { d } \) are coplanar vectors then \(\vec { a } ,\vec { b } ,\vec { c } \) are coplanar or \(\vec { a } ,\vec { b } ,\vec { d } \) are also coplanar.
∴ \([\vec { a } \vec { b } \vec { c } ]\) = 0 [∵ They are coplanar]
Also \([\vec { a } \vec { b } \vec { c } ]\) [∵ they are coplanar]
Substituting these values in (1) we get,
\((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )\times (\vec { c } \times \vec { d } )=0(\vec { c } )-0(\vec { d } )=\vec { 0 } \)
∴ \((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )\times (\vec { c } \times \vec { d } )=\vec { 0 } \).
5.
LHS = \([\vec { a } -\vec { b } ,\vec { b } -\vec { c } ,\vec { c } -\vec { a } ]\) = 0
[∵ cross product is distributive]
\((\vec { a } -\vec { b } ).[(\vec { b } -\vec { c } )\times (\vec { c } -\vec { a } )]\)
= \((\vec { a } -\vec { b } ).[(\vec { b } \times \vec { c } -\vec { b } \times \vec { a } -\vec { c } \times \vec { c } +\vec { c } \times \vec { a } )\)
= \((\vec { a } -\vec { b } ).[\vec { b } \times \vec { c } -\vec { b } \times \vec { a } -0+\vec { c } \times \vec { a } ]\)
\([\because \vec { c } \times \vec { c } =0]\)
= \([\vec { a } \vec { b } \vec { c } ]-[\vec { a } \vec { b } \vec { a } ]+[\vec { a } \vec { c } \vec { a } ]-[\vec { b } \vec { b } \vec { c } ]+[\vec { b } \vec { b } \vec { a } ]-[\vec { b } \vec { c } \vec { a } ]\)
= \([\vec { a } \vec { b } \vec { c } ]-0+0-0+0-[\vec { b } \vec { c } \vec { a } ]\)
= \([\because [\vec { a } \vec { b } \vec { a } ]=[\vec { b } \vec { b } \vec { c } ]=0]\)
= \([\vec { a } \vec { b } \vec { c } ]-[\vec { a } \vec { b } \vec { c } ]\)
= 0 = RHS.
6.
\(|\vec { c } |\) = 1 and \(\vec { c } \bot \vec { a } \) & \(\vec { b } \)
Also, angle between \(\vec { a } \) and \(\vec { b } \) is \(\frac { \pi }{ 6 } \)
Consider \([\vec { a } \vec { b } \vec { c } ]=\vec { a } .(\vec { b } \times \vec { c } )\)
= \((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } ).\vec { c } \)
[∵ angle between \(\vec { a } \) and \(\vec { b } \) is \(\frac { \pi }{ 6 } \). \(\vec { c } \) 丄 both a & b]
= \(|\vec { a } ||\vec { b } |sin\frac { \pi }{ 6 } .\vec { c } .\vec { c } \)
= \(|\vec { a } ||\vec { b } |.\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)(1)
= \(|\vec { a } ||\vec { b } |.\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) [∵ \(\vec { c } .\vec { c } \) = 1]
∴ \([\vec { a } \vec { b } \vec { c } ]^{ 2 }=|\vec { a } |^{ 2 }|\vec { b } |^{ 2 }.\frac { 1 }{ 4 } =\frac { 1 }{ 4 } |\vec { a } |^{ 2 }|\vec { b } |^{ 2 }\).
7.
Let \(\vec { { F }_{ 1 } } \) and \(\vec { { F }_{ 2 } } \) be the two forces given
Given \(|\vec { { F }_{ 1 } } |=5\sqrt { 2 } \) and its direction is along \(3\hat { i } +4\hat { j } +5\hat { k } \)
∴ \(\vec { { F }_{ 1 } } =5\sqrt { 2 } \) (unit vector of \(3\hat { i } +4\hat { j } +5\hat { k } \))
= \(5\sqrt { 2 } \frac { (3\hat { i } +4\hat { j } +5\hat { k } ) }{ \sqrt { { 3 }^{ 2 }+{ 4 }^{ 2 }+{ 5 }^{ 2 } } } \) \(\left[ \because \hat { n } =\frac { \vec { n } }{ |\vec { n } | } \right] \)
= \(5\sqrt { 2 } \frac { (3\hat { i } +4\hat { j } +5\hat { k } ) }{ \sqrt { 9+16+25 } } =\frac { 5\sqrt { 2 } (3\hat { i } +4\hat { j } +5\hat { k } ) }{ 5\sqrt { 2 } } \)
= \(3\hat { i } +4\hat { j } +5\hat { k } \)
and \(\vec { { F }_{ 2 } } =10\sqrt { 2 } \) (unit vector of \(10\hat { i } +6\hat { j } -8\hat { k } \))
= \(10\sqrt { 2 } \frac { (10\hat { i } +6\hat { j } -8\hat { k } ) }{ \sqrt { { 10 }^{ 2 }+{ 6 }^{ 2 }+(-8)^{ 2 } } } \)
\(=\frac{10 \sqrt{\not 2}(10 \hat{i}+6 \hat{j}-8 \hat{k})}{10 \sqrt\not {2}}\)
= \(10\hat { i } +6\hat { j } -8\hat { k } \)
∴ Resistant force \(\vec { F } =\vec { { F }_{ 1 } } +\vec { { F }_{ 2 } } \)
=\((3\hat { i } +4\hat { j } +5\hat { k } )+(10\hat { i } +6\hat { j } -8\hat { k } )\)
\(\vec { F } =13\hat { i } +10\hat { j } -3\hat { k } \)
\(\hat { d } \) = displacement to the point - displacement from the point
= \((6\hat { i } +\hat { j } -3\hat { k } )-(4\hat { i } -3\hat { j } -2\hat { k } )\)
= \(2\hat { i } +4\hat { j } -\hat { k } \)
∴ Work done
w = \(\vec { F } .\vec { d } =(13\hat { i } +10\hat { j } -3\hat { k } ).(2\hat { i } +4\hat { j } -\hat { k } )\)
w = 13(2) + 10(4) - 3(-1) = 26 + 40 + 3
w = 69 units.
8.

Vector area of quadrilateral ABCD
= vector area of ΔABC + vector area of ΔACD
\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } (\vec { AB } \times \vec { AC } )+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } (\vec { AC } \times \vec { AD } )\)
= \(-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } (\vec { AC } \times \vec { AB } )+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } (\vec { AC } \times \vec { AD } )\)
\(\left[ \because \ \vec { b } \times \vec { a } =-(\vec { a } \times \vec { b } ) \right] \)
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \vec { AC } \times (-\vec { AB } +\vec { AD } )\)
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \vec { AC } \times (\vec { BA } +\vec { AD } )\) \([\because \vec { AB } =-\vec { BA } ]\)
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \vec { AC } \times \vec { BD } \) [By Δ law of addition]
∴ Area of the quadrilateral ABCD = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \vec { AC } \times \vec { BD } \)
9.

Let OACB be a rhombus. Taking O as the origin, let the position vectors of A and B be \(\vec { a } \) and \(\vec { b } \) respectively.
Then \(\vec { OA } =\vec { a } \) and \(\vec { OB } =\vec { b } \) [∵ \(\vec { AC } =\vec { OB } \)]
So, the p.v. of C is \(\vec { a } +\vec { b } \)
∴ Position vector O f the miid-point of OC is \(\frac { \vec { a } +\vec { b } }{ 2 } \)
Similarly, the position vector of mid-point of AB is \(\frac { \vec { a } +\vec { b } }{ 2 } \).
Hence, the mid-point of OC coincides with the mid-point of AB.
Now, \(\vec { OC } .\vec { AB } =(\vec { a } +\vec { b } ).(\vec { b } -\vec { a } )=|\vec { b } |^{ 2 }-|\vec { a } |^{ 2 }\)
= OB2- OA2 = 0 [∵ OB = OA]
⇒ \(\vec { OC } \bot \vec { AB } \).
Hence, the diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles.
10.
Let \(\vec { a } ={ a }_{ 1 }\hat { i } +{ a }_{ 2 }\hat { j } +{ a }_{ 3 }\hat { k } \)
∴ LHS = \(\hat { i } \times (\vec { a } \times \hat { i } )+\hat { j } \times (\vec { a } \times \hat { j } )+\hat { k } \times \vec { a } \times \hat { k }\)
\((\hat { i }. \hat { i } )\vec { a } -(\hat { i } .\hat { a } )\hat { i } +(\hat { j } .\hat { j } )\vec { a } -(\hat { j } .\vec { a } )\hat { j } +(\hat { k } .\hat { k } )\vec { a } -(\hat { k } .\vec { a } )\hat { k } \)
\([\because \vec { a } \times (\vec { b } \times \vec { c } )=(\vec { a } .\vec { c } )\vec { b } -(\vec { a } .\vec { b } )\vec { c } ]\)
\(1.\vec { a } -{ a }_{ 1 }\hat { i } +1.\vec { a } -{ a }_{ 2 }\hat { j } +1.\vec { a } -{ a }_{ 3 }\hat { k } ]\)
\([\because \hat { i } .\hat { i } =\hat { j } .\hat { j } =\hat { k } .\hat { k } =1\)and
\(\hat { i } \vec { a } =\hat { i } ({ a }_{ 1 }\hat { i } +{ a }_{ 2 }\hat { j } +{ a }_{ 3 }\hat { k } )={ a }_{ 1 }\hat { j } .\vec { a } ={ a }_{ 2 }\quad \hat { k } .\vec { a } ={ a }_{ 3 }\)
\(3\vec { a } -({ a }_{ 1 }\hat { i } +{ a }_{ 2 }\hat { j } +{ a }_{ 3 }\hat { k } )\)
= \(3\vec { a } -\vec { a } =2\vec { a } \)
= RHS .
∴ LHS = RHS. Hence proved
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