1. lack of proper selection procedures for identification of beneficiaries.
2. insufficient investment per household.
3. absence of post implementation audits of the scheme,
4. regional disparities in lifting the identified beneficiaries above the poverty line was a major issue.

Tenancy reform legislation was aimed at achieving three ends:
1. to regulate the rent;
2. to secure the rights of the tenant;
3. to confer ownership rights on the tenants by expropriating the land owners.

The poverty line is defined as the level expenditure required to purchase food grains to supply the recommended calorie level to sustain a person.

The work undertaken would create durable assets in rural areas like roads, canals, minor irrigation works and restoration of traditional water bodies.

1. Zamindars in various parts of the country challenged the constitutionality of the zamindari abolition laws in court.
2. The government then passed two amendments to the Constitution, the First Amendment in 1951 and the Fourth Amendment in 1955 which pre-empted the right of Zamindars to question the takeover of their land or the value of the compensation.

Nehru was determined to create a socialist society, and he proclaimed that the state would direct industrial growth by investing in heavy industrial units and also exercise control over private industry to ensure long term objectives of growth and preventing exploitation by private business houses and capitalists.

1) MGNREGA means (Mahatma Gandhi) National Rural Employment Guarantee Act,
2) The MGNREGA which gives rural households the legal right to demand work is now the major employment generation programme.

1) The shortage of food grains was acute by the 1960s, and the government therefore switched to the technological alternative of improving agriculture through the introduction of high yielding varieties of seeds and investment in major irrigation, chemical pesticides and fertilizers.
2) This succeeded in ensuring food security in India, but also had negative effects on the environment.