Circumstances for the establishment of a fascist state in Italy:
1. The breakdown of the parliamentary government which had proved unable to cope wi the disorders following the end of the First World War.
2. The inability of the Democratic Party leaders to combine and act decisively facilitated Mussolini s triumph.
3. The dispute between the communist and their opponents led to the conditions for civil.
4. It ended with the march of the Fascists on Rome.
5. Impressed by the show of force, the King Immanuel III invited Mussolini to form a government. Circumstances for the establishment of a fascist state in Germany:
6. Republican government in Germany fell, as the Communists refused to collaborate with the Social Democrats.
7. In the wake of this, industrialists, bankers and the people of the royal family, who had the background, wanted to subordinate Hitler to their control.
8. They approached President von Hindenburg and appointed Hitler as Prime Minister.
9. The Nazi regime then put an end to parliamentary democracy in Germany.

1. Germany handed over Alsace and Lorraine to France.
2. The coal mines in the Saar Valley were to be ceded to France.
3. All German colonies became mandated territories under the League of Nations.
4. Germany was disarmed and was forced to give up practically all of its submarines. and battleships.
5. Germany was forbidden to have any airplanes, either military or naval.
6. Its army was to be limited to 100,000.
7. The union of Austria and Germany was forbidden.
8. Germany was to acknowledge and respect the Independence of Austria.
9. Germany and its allies were held responsible for the loss and damage suffered during the war.

1. Marx and Engels held the firm view that the existence of the bourgeoisie was as necessary.
2. Influenced by the ideas of Karl Marx, Lenin believed that the way for freedom was through mass action.
3. The failure of the Tsar's regime, the defeat by Japan, the Sunday massacre land the defeat of the First World War, led to the revolution in Russia.
4. The Menshevik government was established in Russia through the revolution. Lenin schemed to overthrow it.
5. His slogan of All power to the Soviets soon won over the workers leaders.
6. The slogan' Bread, peace and land' attracted the victims of the war.
7. Devastated by war time shortages, the people were attracted by the slogan of Bread, Peace and Land.
8. Lenin persuaded the Bolshevik Central Committee to decide on an immediate revolution.
9. Accordingly, key government buildings, including the Winter Palace and the Prime Ministers headquarters, were seized.

1. The great powers of Europe had come to be arrayed in two opposing camps.
2. They are called the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy) and the Triple Entente (Britain; France and Russia).
3. The UK supported France in a Moroccan dispute between Germany and France.
4. Austria-Hungary suddenly announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which it's protectorate.
5. The two wars that took part in the Balkans led the countries to the First World War.
6. Austria-Hungary Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by Principle, a Serbian country.
Results:
1. The Peace Conference opened in Paris.
2. The peace treaty was signed with Germany in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles.
3. Separate treaties were drawn up and signed by the Allies with Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey
4. The League 0f nations was formed for world peace.