1. Following the Boston Massacre, about 100 activists dressed like Native Americans.
2. They boarded the three ships carrying tea and threw 342 boxes into sea at Boston.
3. This incident came to be called the Boston Tea Party.

1. According to the Treaty of Shimonoseki signed at the end, Japan got Liaotung peninsula along with some regions.
2. The European powers feared the sudden growth of Japans.
3. So, France, England and Russia forced Japan to surrender the Liaotung peninsula to china.

1. USSR set up The Cominform the Corrnnunist Information Bureau in September 1947.
2. This was an organisation in which all European communist parties were represented.
3. It discouraged trade contact between the non-communist countries and tried to forge ideological and material linkages with its member countries.

1. The pope tried to hold peace talks with Luther by calling him for Diet of Worms. If failed.
2. The Diet of Worms disavowed his books and burnt them.
3. He was outlawed from the Holy Roman Empire by the emperor. Martin Luther's radical views influenced many and one such was Thomas Muntzer who fought for a classless society.
4. This started the Peasant's Rebelling in parts of Germany. However, Luther supported the feudal lords in this fight and denounced the peasant movement.

1. The Gilded age was also an era of intense mass mobilisation of working classes.
2. Socialist and labour movements emerged in many countries as a mass phenomenon.
3. The expansion of industrialisation resulted in wage growth.

1. It worked for the preservation of European order and balance of power.
2. They intervened in the case of countries threatened by internal rebellion.
3. They Imposed their overall decision on the affected countries.

1. Dutch recognised Java and Sumatra as independent republican states.
2. Other islands were united and thus the Indonesian United States was formed.
3. Subsequently, the Dutch attempted to twice to disrupt peace in Indonesia.

1. In Disarmament Conference, The issue was the German rearmament plan on a par with France.
2. The French refused to agree to this proposal.
3. As a result, Germany withdrew from the League of Nations.

1) Ambedkar launched news journals and organizations. Mook Nayak (leader of the dumb) was the journal to articulate his views and the Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha (Association for the welfare of excluded) spearheaded his activities.
2) As a member of the Bombay legislative council he worked tirelessly to secure removal of disabilities imposed on untouchables.

She published a book How India brought for Freedom, a weekly The Commonweal, a daily newspaper New India.

Aurobindo Ghose, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai

1) The British fixed the land revenue in cash without any regard to various contingencies, such as failure of crops, fall in prices and droughts or floods.
2) Moreover, the practice of sale in settlement of debt encouraged money lenders to advance money to landholders and resorting to every kind of trickery to rob them of their property.

Bhagat Singh along with Rajguru; Sukhdev, Jatindra Nath Das and 21 others were arrested and tried for the murder of Saunders (the case was known as the Second Lahore Conspiracy Case).

The backwardness of agriculture could be attributed to two factors: institutional and technological.
(i) Institutional factors refer to the social and economic relations that prevailed, particularly between the land-owning classes and the cultivating classes. 
(ii) Technological factors relate to use of better seeds, improved methods of cultivation, use of chemical fertilizers, use of machinery like tractors and harvester combines, and provision of irrigation.

1) The challenges before free India included grappling with the consequences of partition, planning the economy and reforming the education system, making a Constitution that reflected the aspirations kindled by the freedom struggle, merger of the Princely states, and resolving the diversity on the basis of languages spoken by the people with the needs of a nation-state.
2) Further, a foreign policy that was in tune with the ideals of democracy, sovereignty and fraternity had to be formulated.

The Muslim League, the Shiromani Akali Dal and the Hindu Maha Sabha, all those who had stayed clear of the Quit India campaign, joined the protests and raised funds for their defence.

Communalism:
1) Organising a religious group on the basis of its hostility towards the followers of other religions to fight even material issues.
2) Communalism as an ideology or movement has been defined in various ways by various scholars.
3) According to Nehru, communalism is one of the obvious examples of backward-looking people trying to hold on to something that is wholly out of place in the modem world and is essentially opposed to the concept of nationalism.
4) According to another scholar, communalism denotes organised attempt of a group to bring about change in the face of resistance from other groups or the government through collective mobilisation based on a narrow ideology.