1. In England, industrial depression and high food prices.
2. So a great demonstration was organised by the radical leader Henry Hunt.
3. The magistrates, who were alarmed by the size and mood of the crowd, ordered the cavalry corps to attack the crowd.

1. The use of iron and steel.
2. The use of new sources of energy or fuels such as coal, steam, and iron.
3. The invention of new machines that increased production.
4. Developments in transport and communication.

1. Clergy, Nobility, and the commoners.
2. The clergy and the nobility were exempted from various taxes.
3. Out of the three divisions, only the third estate bore the brunt of taxation.

1. At the Battle of Saratoga, the British General Burgoyne was forced to surrender.
2. Finally, the British forces surrendered to the American forces at York Town.
3. With this victory the northern colonies became free.

1. Following the Boston Massacre, about 100 activists dressed like Native Americans.
2. They boarded the three ships carrying tea and threw 342 boxes into sea at Boston.
3. This incident came to be called the Boston Tea Party.

1. The island's indigenous population, forced to mine for gold.
2. They was devastated by European diseases and brutal working conditions.
3. By the end of the sixteenth century it had virtually vanished.

1. By the end of the nineteenth century Germany emerged as the most industrialised country.
2. It surpassed the home of the Industrial Revolution, Britain, and proved to be a competitor of the United States.
3. Daimler and Benz became the most popular brands of automobile in Germany and the world.
4. Germany made its mark in iron and steel industry.

1. The French people believed that political prisoners in the jails were planning to join a plot of the counter-revolutionaries.
2. So the mob descended on the prisons.
3. Summarily executed those they believed to be royalists.
4. In all about 1,200 prisoners were killed in what came to be known as the September Massacres.

1. Intellectuals played a key role in preparing the soil for the outbreak of the French Revolution
2. The writings of Voltaire and Rousseau acted as an impetus to the revolution.
3. Montesquieu, argued for the division of power among the legislative, executive and judiciary.
4. Rousseau, argued that the relationship between the rulers and ruled should be bound by a contract.

1. Britain recognised the freedom colonies and the formation of the United States of America.
2. France gained certain British territories in West Indies, India and Africa.
3. Spain obtained Florida from Great Britain
4. Holland and England maintained the status quo that prevailed before the war.

1. Provided the capital necessary for investment in industries.
2. Political stability also provided objective conditions for industrial development.
3. The availability of coal and iron deposits in large quantities.
4. The British had well established ports all across the coast which enabled easy internal and external trade. The mechanisation of industry resulted in much greater production and therefore it produced greater wealth.
5. The handicrafts and rendered tens of thousands of artisans and weavers jobless.
6. Men's were thrown out of employment by the cheap labour of women and children.
7. An important outcome of the Industrial Revolution was the creation of two new classes: an industrial bourgeoisie and a proletariat.

1. Haiti, earlier known as Saint-Domingue was the richest French colony in the Caribbean Sea.
2. The storming of the Bastille was followed by armed defiance of the royal governor.
3. Vincent Oge, who had lobbied with the Parisian assembly for colonial reforms.
4. He was led to revolt at the end of 1790. But the rebellion was suppressed and he was hanged.
5. In the late 1790s, Toussaint L Ouverture, gained control of several areas.
6. Napoleon sent a fleet of 12,000 troops to seize control from Toussaint L Ouverture s forces.
7. Napoleons forces were defeated by the Dessalines, even though Toussaint was killed.
8. Saint Domingue became the independent black state of Haiti in 1804.

1. The UK imposed its US settlements on the NavigationActs, the Sugar Tax Stamp Act, the Townshend Act, the tea tax, and The Intolerable Acts.
2. So representatives of the colonies appealed for the intolerated laws to be removed.
3. They sent a request to the King of England, George III, with an olive branch. But the demand was rejected.
Course:
1. The British army was led by William Howe while the American forces were led by George Washington.
2. The Battle of Saratoga, the British General Burgoyne was forced to surrender.
3. Finally, the British forces surrendered to the American forces at York Town.
Results:
1. In England Lord North resigned as Prime Minister.
2. A peace treaty was signed between the Great Britain and America at Paris.
3. George Washington became the first president of the United States of America.