1) In June 1911, the collector of Tirunelveli, Robert Ashe, was shot dead at Maniyachi Railway station by Vanchinathan. Born in the Travancore state in 1880, he was employed as a forest guard at Punalur in the then Travancore state.
2) He was one of the members of a radical group called Bharata Mata Association. The aim of the association was to kill the European officers and inspire Indians to revolt, which they believed would eventually lead to Swaraj.
3) Vanchinathan was trained in the use of a revolver, as part of the mission, by VV.Subramanianar in Pondicherry.

1) The Swadeshi movement in Tamil Nadu came to national attention in 1906 when V.O.C Chidambaram mooted the idea of launching a swadeshi shipping venture in opposition to the monopoly of the British in navigation through the coast.
2) In 1906, V.O.C registered a joint stock company called The Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company (SSNC) with a capital of Rs 10 Lakh, divided into 40,000 shares of Rs. 25 each. Shares were open only to Indians, Ceylonese and other Asian nationals. V.O.C purchased two steamships, S.S. Gallia and S.S. Lawoe.
3) The initial response of the British administration was to ignore the Swadeshi company.
4) As patronage for Swadeshi Company increased, the European officials exhibited blatant bias and racial partiality against the Swadeshi steamship.

1) A conspiracy was hatched there to kill Douglas Kingsford, notorious for his cruel ways of dealing with the swadeshi agitators.
2) Two young revolutionaries - 18-year-old Khudiram Bose and 19-year-old Prafulla Chaki were entrusted with the task of carrying out the killing.
3) On 30 April 1908, they mistakenly threw a bomb on a carriage, that, instead of killing Kingsford, killed two English women.
4) Prafulla Chaki committed suicide and Khudiram Bose was arrested and hanged for the murder.
5) Aurobindo Ghose, along with his brother Barinder Kumar Ghose and thirty-five other comrades, were arrested Chittaranjan Das took up the case. It came to be known as the Alipore Bomb case.

1) In 1908, the abject working and living conditions of the Coral Mill workers attracted the attention of V.O.C and Siva.
2) In the next few days, both the leaders addressed the mill workers. In March 1908, the workers of the Coral Cotton Mills, inspired by the address went on strike. It was one of the earliest organised labour agitations in India.
3) The strike of the mill workers was fully backed by the nationalist newspapers. The mill owners, however, did not budge and was supported by the government which had decided to suppress the strike.
4) To further increase the pressure on the workers, the leaders were prohibited from holding any meetings in Tuticorin.
5) Finally, the mill owners decided to negotiate with the workers and concede their demands.

1) The samitis were engaged in a range of activities such as physical and moral training of members, philanthropic work during the famines, epidemics, propagation of Swadeshi message during festivals, and organization of indigenous arbitration courts, and schools.
2) By its very nature boycott was passive action and its aim was to refuse to cooperate with the British administration.

1) The apolitical constructive programmes had little acceptance among the youth who was growing impatient under the repressive foreign rule.
2) The failure of the militant nationalists to lead the young people into a long-term mass movement also contributed to the growth of individual action.
3) The revolutionary action was part of an effort towards the symbolic recovery of Indian manhood, which the revolutionaries believed was often challenged and looked down upon by the British.

1) The session of Congress was originally planned to be held in Poona, considered to be a stronghold of the militants.
2) Fearing a repeat of the Calcutta session, the moderates shifted the venue to Surat. The militants proposed Lala Lajpat Rai's name for the next Congress presidency opposing the moderate's candidate Rash Behari Ghosh. Lala Lajpat Rai, however, turned down the offer to avoid the split.
3) The matter finally boiled down to the question of retaining the four resolutions that were passed in the Calcutta session in 1906.
4) The Pherozeshah Mehta group sought removal of those items from the agenda In order to counter Mehta's manoeuvering, the militants decided to oppose the election of Rash Behari Gosh as president. The session ended in chaos.
5) The Indian National Congress, born in December 1885, was now split into two groups militant and moderate.