For total internal reflection,
sin i > sin c
\(n=\frac{1}{sin \ c}\)
\(sin \ c=\frac{1}{n}\)
\(sin \ i>\frac{1}{n}\)
\(n>\frac{1}{sin \ i}\)
n >\(\sqrt{2}\)
n >1.414 = 1.5

Apparent depth = 3 + 5 = 8 cm
Real depth = thickness of the slab = t
n = 1.5
\(n=\frac{Real \ depth}{Apparent \ depth}\)
\(\therefore 1.5=\frac{t}{8}\)
t = 1.5 x 8
t = 12 cm

\(\frac{1}{f}  =(n-1)\left(\frac{1}{R_1}-\frac{1}{R_2}\right)  \)
\(=(1.5-1)\left(\frac{1}{\infty}-\frac{1}{(-10)}\right)\)
(Since plano convex lens)
\(=0.5\left[\frac{1}{10}\right]=\frac{1}{20}  \)
\(\mathrm{f}_t  =20 \mathrm{~cm}\)
Formula for silvered lenses
\(\frac{1}{\mathrm{~F}}  =\frac{2}{\mathrm{f}_1}+\frac{1}{\mathrm{f}_m}  \)
\(\frac{1}{\mathrm{~F}} =\frac{2}{20}+\frac{1}{\infty}  \)
\(\therefore \mathrm{F}  =\frac{20}{2}=10 \mathrm{~cm}\)

\(\frac{I}{f}=\left(\frac{\mu_{\mathrm{L}}}{\mu_L}-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{R_1}-\frac{1}{R_2}\right)\)
When the biconvex lens of glass dipped in liquid, it acts as a plane sheet of glass.
\(\therefore \mathrm{f}=\infty, \frac{1}{\mathrm{f}}=0 \quad \frac{\mu_g}{\mu_{\mathrm{L}}}-1=0 ; \frac{\mu_{\mathrm{s}}}{\mu_{\mathrm{L}}}=1, \mu_{\mathrm{s}}=\mu_{\mathrm{L}}\)

Refractive index of water \(=\frac{Velocity \ of \ light \ in \ air(V_s)}{Velocity \ of \ light \ in \ water(V_w)}\)

Convex Mirror is diverging in nature and for all positions of objects, convex mirror forms virtual and erect image.

At end A,
\(\frac{1}{f}  =\frac{1}{u_A}+\frac{1}{v_A}  \)
\(\therefore \frac{1}{v_A}  =\frac{1}{-10}-\frac{1}{-20}  \)
\(\frac{1}{v_A}  =-\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{20}=\frac{-2+1}{20}=-\frac{1}{20}  \)
\(v_A  =-20 \mathrm{~cm} \)
\(\left|v_{\wedge}\right|=20 \mathrm{~cm}\)
At end B,
\(\frac{1}{f}  =\frac{1}{u_B}+\frac{1}{v_B}  \)
\(\frac{1}{v_B} =\frac{1}{f}-\frac{1}{u_B},  \)
\(u_B  =-30 \mathrm{~cm}  \)
\(\frac{1}{v_B}  =-\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{30}  \)
\(=\frac{-3+1}{30}=\frac{-2}{30}=\frac{-1}{15}  \)
\(v_B  =-15 \mathrm{~cm}  \)
\(\left|v_B\right|  =15 \mathrm{~cm} \)
\(\therefore \quad\left|\mathrm{v}_{\mathrm{A}}\right|-\left|\mathrm{v}_{\mathrm{B}}\right| \) is the length of the image
= 20 - 15 = 5 cm

v = nג
In an isotropic medium, there is no change in the frequency of the light. So, the speed of light depends on wavelength of light.