Biosphere Reserves are designated to deal with the conservation of biodiversity, economic and social development and maintenance of associated cultural values.

India has 104 National Parks. Guindy National Park (Chennai) and Mudumalai National Park (Nilgiris) are located in Tamil Nadu.

A species is considered extinct when none of its members are alive anywhere in the world. Environmental changes and population characteristics are the two major reason for species extinction.

IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural resources:

(a) Himalayas
(b) Western ghats
(c) Indo-Burma region
(d) Sundaland

Biodiversity as the variability among living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are a part. This includes diversity within species, between species and ecosystems of a region.

(a) Extinct
(b) Critically endangered
(c) Vulnerable
(d) Not evaluated.

Natural extinction, mass extinction and anthropogenic extinction

More than 70% of species recorded on earth are animals and 22% are planted. This is because the animals have adapted themselves to ensure their survival in changing environments in comparison to plants. Eg. Presence of nervous system helps animals to control and coordinate their body structures. Therefore diversification in animals is more than in plants.

(i) The chemical found in the medicinal plant Rauwolfia vomitoria is reserpine.
(ii) It belong to Genetic diversity.

There are three levels of biodiversity are
(1) Genetic diversity
(2) Species diversity and
(3) Community / Ecosystem diversity

Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere.

(i) Red Data Book or Red list is a catalogue of taxa facing risk of extinction.
(ii) IUCN - International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
(iii) WCU - World Conservation Union maintains the Red Data Book.
(iv) The concept of Red list was mooted in 1963.
The purpose of preparation of Red List are:
(i) To create awareness on the degree of threat to biodiversity
(ii) Identification and documentation of species at high risk of extinction
(iii) Provide global index on declining biodiversity
(iv) Preparing conservation priorities and help in conservation of action
(v) Information on international agreements on conservation of biological diversity
Red list has eight categories of species:
(i) Extinct
(ii) Extinct in wild
(iii) Critically Endangered
(iv) Endangered
(v) Vulnerable
(vi) Lower risk
(vii) Data deficiency
(viii) Not evaluated.

(i) Amazon is a rainforest that covers most of the amazon has in of south America and territory including nations. It represents over half of the planets rain forests and exhibit the largest and the most diversified tropical rain forest.
(ii) It is home to more than 40000 species of plants 3000 of fishes, 1300 of birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and more than 125000 invertebrates.
(iii) It is called lungs of the planet earth because its vegetation continuously recycles CO₂ into O₂.

India is home to four biodiversity hotspots (as per ENVIS). They are
(a) Himalaya (The entire Indian Himalayan region)
(b) Western Ghats
(c) Indo-Burma: Includes entire Northeastern India, except Assam and Andaman group of Islands (And Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and Southern China)
(d) Sundarlands: Includes Nicobar group of Islands (and Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Philippines).