(i) The chemical found in the medicinal plant Rauwolfia vomitoria is reserpine.
(ii) It belong to Genetic diversity.

There are three levels of biodiversity are
(1) Genetic diversity
(2) Species diversity and
(3) Community / Ecosystem diversity

Even though India is one of the 17 identified megadiverse countries of the world, it faces lots of threats to its biodiversity.
(i) Apart from natural causes, human activities, both directly and indirectly are today's main reason for habitat loss and biodiversity loss.
(ii) Fragmentation and degradation due to agricultural practices, extraction (mining, fishing, logging, harvesting) and development (settlements, industrial and associated infrastructures) lead to habitat loss and fragmentation leads to the formation of isolated, small and scattered populations and as endangered species.

(i) The introduction of the Nile Perch into Lake Victoria led to the extinction of more than 200 species of cichlid fish in that lake.
(ii) Introduction of African catfish Clarias gariepinus for aquaculture poses a threat to the indigenous catfishes in indian rivers.

Biodiversity is the variety of life on earth. That is, it is the number of different species of flora and fauna including microorganisms. These organisms can inhabit different ecosystems with, varying conditions like the Rainforests, Coral reefs, Grasslands, Deserts, Tundra, and the Polar icecaps. This variety (Biodiversity) is essential for the wellbeing of our planet and sustenance of life as a whole. The importance of biodiversity can be viewed and measured as:
a)Ecosystem services
b) Biological resources
c) Social benefits of biodiversity
The organization and functioning of ecosystems world over are affected and dependent on biodiversity and its richness. The major functional attributes are:
(i) Continuity of nutrient cycles or biogeochemical cycles (N₂, C, a,o, P, S cycles)
(ii) Soil formation, conditioning or maintenance of soil health (fertility) by soil microbial diversity along with the different trophic members
(iii) Increases ecosystem productivity and provide food resources
(iv) Act as water traps, filters, water flow regulators and water purifiers (forest cover and vegetation)
(v) Climate stability (forests are essential for rainfall, temperature regulation, CO₂ absorption, which in turn regulate the density and type of vegetation)
(vi) Forest resource management and sustainable development
(vii) Maintaining a balance between biotic components
(viii) Cleaning up of pollutants - microbes are the biggest degraders of molecules including many anthropogenic ones which are present in effluents, sewage, garbage and agro-chemicals
(ix) Ecological stability - the varieties and richness of species contribute to ecological stability and survival of species. Biodiverse regions are reservoirs of biological resources like food resources, gene pool, genetic resource, medicinal resources, bioprospecting
(x) To provide unique aesthetic value and hotspots for Ecotourism. Along with forest resources and wildlife, it has commercial significance
(xi) An indicator of the health of the ecosystem. Endemism is a crucial indicator of richness.

(i) Hotspots are areas characterized with high concentration of endemic species experiencing unusual rapid rate of habitat modification loss. Norman Myers defined hot spots as "regions that harbour a great diversity of endemic species and at the same tie, have been significantly impacted and altered by human activities."
(ii) A hotspot is a region that supports at least 1500 endemic vascular plant species (0.5% of the global total) has lost more than 70% of its original vegetation.
(iii) There are 35 biodiversity hotspots in the world. India is home to four biodiversity hotspots. They are:
(1) Himalaya: Entire Indian Himalayan region.
(2) Western Ghats
(3) Indo - Burma: Entire North-eastern India, except Assam and Andaman group of Islands (and Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Southern China)
(4) Sundarlands: Includes Nicobar group of Islands (and Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Philippines).

(i) Development of human society is inevitable. Natural habitats are destroyed for the purpose of settlement, agriculture, mining, Industries and construction of highways
(ii) As a result species are forced to adapt to the changes in the environment or move to other places. If not, they become victim to predation, starvation, disease and eventually die or results in human animal conflict.
(iii) Over population, urbanization, Industrialization and agricultural advancements require additional land, water and raw materials every year.
(iv) This is made possible only through fragmentation or destruction of natural habitats by filling wetlands, ploughing grasslands, cutting down trees, forest, desilting rivers, constructing transport ways, caving mountains, extracting, ores, changing the course of rivers and filling of seashore.

(i) Amazon is a rainforest that covers most of the amazon has in of south America and territory including nations. It represents over half of the planets rain forests and exhibit the largest and the most diversified tropical rain forest.
(ii) It is home to more than 40000 species of plants 3000 of fishes, 1300 of birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and more than 125000 invertebrates.
(iii) It is called lungs of the planet earth because its vegetation continuously recycles CO₂ into O₂.