Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was the leading member of the African National Congress which (ANC) opposed South Africa's White minority government and its policy of racial segregation known as Apartheid.

If the government and the people who were protesting had come together and discussed about the problem, police shooting of Hector could have avoided.

The route a religious procession takes may lead to a conflict. The police and the government play an important role in getting representatives of concerned communities to meet and try and arrive at a solution. Violence may erupt, with people throwing stones or trying to disrupt the procession. The police is responsible for ensuring that violence does not take place.

Some of the key ideas of a democratic government are:
(i) Regular elections.
(ii) People's participation in governance.
(iii) Resolution of conflicts by the government through constitutional procedures.
(iv) All people above the age of 18 have the right to vote and choose their representatives.

Five ways in which the non-whites were discriminated against are:
(i) Non-whites were not allowed to vote.
(ii) The best land was reserved for the white people and non-whites had to live on the worst available land.
(iii) Hospitals and ambulances were separate for whites and non-whites.
(iv) There were separate trains and buses.
(v) The bus stops were different for them.

(i) Public opinion contributes a lot to the development of social life. It does not allow the government to be absolute.
(ii) The views, interests and aspirations of the people constitute the core of a democratic system.
(iii) Public opinion ensures democratic communications.
(iv) The following agencies are helpful in the formation of public opinion press, radio, television, cinema, political parties and elections.
(v) Mass media plays a crucial role in reflecting public opinion.
(vi) Freedom of expression can be exerted by all classes of people, whether rich or poor through these agencies.

Besides voting, there are other ways of participating in the process of government.
(i) People participate by taking an interest in the working of the government and by criticising it when required.
(ii) Sometimes people take out rallies and also organise signature campaign. Things that are unfair and unjust are also brought forward through rallies, dharnas, strikes etc.
(iii) Now, magazines, newspapers and TV also play a role in discussing government issues and responsibilities.
(iv) Another way for people to participate is by organising themselves into social movements that seek to challenge the government and its functioning. Members of the minority community, dalits, adivasis, women and others are often able to participate in this manner.
If we see a rally winding through the streets ot our cities and towns or villages, we should pause to find out what the rally is about, who is participating in it, and what they are protesting about.Thus, this will help to give us a sense of how our government works.