(i) \(\frac { 3 }{ 4 } \)
\(\frac { 3 }{ 4 } \)means 3 parts out of 4 equal parts. So, we  divide the gap between 0 and 1 into 4 equal parts and  show 3 parts as \(\frac { 3 }{ 4 } \) .

(ii) \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)
\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)means 1 part out of 2 equal parts. So, we divide the gap between 0 and 1 into 2 equal parts and show 1 part as \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) .

(iii) \(\frac { 9 }{ 10 } \)
\(\frac { 9 }{ 10 } \) means a part out of 10 equal parts. So, we divide the gap between 0 and 1 into 10 equal parts and show 9 parts as \(\frac { 9 }{ 10 } \) .

(iv) \(\frac { 0 }{ 3 } \)
\(\frac { 0 }{ 3 } \)is the point zero.

(v) \(\frac { 5 }{ 8 } \)
\(\frac { 5 }{ 8 } \) means 5 parts out of 8 equal parts. So, we  divide the gap between 0 and I into 8 equal parts and  show 5 parts as  \(\frac { 5 }{ 8 } \) .

\(3\frac{8}{28}\)

\(x=\frac{14}{3}\)

Given, weight of fish caught by Neetu
\(=3\frac { 3 }{ 4 } \)kg \(=\frac { 15 }{ 4 } \) kg
and weight of the fish caught by Narendra
\(=2\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) kg \(=\frac { 5 }{ 2 }\) kg
∴ Difference between their weights
\(=\frac { 15 }{ 4 } -\frac { 5 }{ 2 } =\frac { 15 }{ 4 } -\frac { 5\times 2 }{ 4 } \) [ \(\because\) LCM of 2 and 4 = 4 ]
\(=\frac { 15 }{ 4 } -\frac { 10 }{ 4 } =\frac { 15-10 }{ 4 } =\frac { 5 }{ 4 }\)kg
Hence, Neetu's fish weight is \(\frac{5}{4}\) kg more than the Narendra's fish weight.

Given, Rajan's age on the joining = 24 yr
and retirement age = 60 yr
The number of years, he did the job
= Retirement age - Joining age
= 60 - 24 = 36 yr
∴ The fraction of his age till retirement, when he was in the job
\(=\frac { Total\ years\ he\ did\ the\ job }{ Retirement\ age } =\frac { 36 }{ 60 } \) [ \(\because\) HCF of 36 and 60 = 12 ]
\(=\frac { 36\div 12 }{ 60\div 12 } =\frac { 3 }{ 5 } \)
Hence, the required fraction is = \(\frac { 3 }{ 5 } .\) 

(a) Riya's saving = \(\frac{1}{3}\) of her salary
Remaining salary \(=1-{1\over 3}={2\over 3}\)
She spends = \(\frac{1}{2}\) of \(\frac{2}{3}\)\(=\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \times \frac { 2 }{ 3 } =\frac { 2 }{ 6 } =\frac { 1 }{ 3 } \)
She gives for charity=\(\frac { 2 }{ 3 } -\frac { 1 }{ 3 } =\frac { 2-1 }{ 3 } =\frac { 1 }{ 3 } \)
∴ The fraction she gives for charity=\(\frac{1}{3}\)
(b) The values depict from this are:
Helpfulness, caring for poor people and cooperation. 

Quantity of food eaten which turned into organism's own body = \(\frac{1}{10}\)of the total food Now, the quantity of food eaten which is not available for the next level =1-\(\frac{1}{10}\)
\(=\frac { 10-1 }{ 10 } =\frac { 9 }{ 10 } \)
Hence, the required fraction =\(\frac { 9 }{ 10 } \) 

We have,
Pictorially, it can be shown as

By folding paper, it can be shown in the following way Take a square piece of paper say ABCD [figure (i)].

Fold it by overlapping its edge AB and CD to get figure (ii).

Again, refold it by taking EF over C(A) D(B) to get figure (iii).

Now,reopen it, then we get the following figure (iv)

Now,fold it vertically at two places to obtain three equal vertical portion as shown in figure (v)

Shaded \(\frac { 1 }{ 12 } \)portion twice,
We see that, \(\frac { 1 }{ 12 } +\frac { 1 }{ 12 } =\frac { 1+1 }{ 12 } =\frac { 2 }{ 12 } =\frac { 1 }{ 6 } \)

First, we have to convert fraction in its simplest form.
(a) We have \(\frac { 2 }{ 12 } \Rightarrow \frac { 2\div 2 }{ 12\div 2 } =\frac { 1 }{ 6 } \)  [∵ HCF of 2 and 12 = 2]
(b) We have  \(\frac { 3 }{ 15 } \Rightarrow \frac { 3\div 3 }{ 15\div 3 } =\frac { 1 }{ 5 } \)  [∵ HCF of 3 and 15 = 3]
(c) We have \(\frac { 8 }{ 50 } \Rightarrow \frac { 8\div 2 }{ 50\div 2 } =\frac { 4 }{ 25 } \) [∵ HCF of 8 and 50 = 2]
(d) We have\(\frac { 16 }{ 100 } \Rightarrow \frac { 16\div 4 }{ 100\div 4 } =\frac { 4 }{ 25 } \)  [∵ HCF of 16 and 100 = 4]
(e) We have \(\frac { 10 }{ 60 } \Rightarrow \frac { 10\div 10 }{ 60\div 10 } =\frac { 1 }{ 6 } \) [∵ HCF of 10 and 60 = 10]
(f) We have \(\frac { 15 }{ 75 } \Rightarrow \frac { 15\div 15 }{ 75\div 15 } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) [∵ HCF of 15 and 75 = 15]
(g) We have \(\frac { 12 }{ 60 } \Rightarrow \frac { 12\div 12 }{ 60\div 12 } =\frac { 1 }{ 5 } \)  [∵ HCF of 12 and 60 = 12]
(h) We have \(\frac { 16 }{ 96 } \Rightarrow \frac { 16\div 16 }{ 96\div 16 } =\frac { 1 }{ 6 } \) [∵ HCF of 16 and 96 = 16]
(i) We have \(\frac { 12 }{ 75 } \Rightarrow \frac { 12\div 3 }{ 75\div 3 } =\frac { 4 }{ 25 } \) [∵HCF of 12 and 75 = 3]
(j) We have \(\frac { 12 }{ 72 } \Rightarrow \frac { 12\div 12 }{ 72\div 12 } =\frac { 1 }{ 6 } \) [∵HCF of 12 and 72 = 12]
(k) We have  \(\frac { 3 }{ 18 } \Rightarrow \frac { 3\div 3 }{ 18\div 3 } =\frac { 1 }{ 6 } \)   [∵HCF of 3 and 18 = 3]
(l) We have,\(\frac { 4 }{ 25 } \Rightarrow \frac { 4\div 1 }{ 25\div 1 } =\frac { 4 }{ 25 } \)  [∵HCF of 4 and 25 = 1]
Now, on grouping into three groups of equivalent fractions with the help of simplest form of fractions, we get
(i) \(\frac { 2 }{ 12 } =\frac { 10 }{ 60 } =\frac { 16 }{ 96 } =\frac { 12 }{ 72 } =\frac { 3 }{ 18 } \)  [Simplest form of each fraction = \(\frac { 1 }{ 6 } \)]
(ii) \(\frac { 3 }{ 15 } =\frac { 15 }{ 75 } =\frac { 12 }{ 60 } \)  [Simplest form of each fraction = \(\frac { 1 }{ 5 } \)]
(iii) \(\frac { 8 }{ 50 } =\frac { 16 }{ 100 } =\frac { 12 }{ 75 } =\frac { 4 }{ 25 } \)  [Simplest form of each fraction = \(\frac { 4 }{ 25 } \)]

(i) Total number of equal parts = 2;
Number of shaded parts = 1
∴ Fraction of shaded portion = \(\frac { Number\ of\ shaded\ parts\ }{ Total\ number\ of\ equal\ parts } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)
(ii) Total number of equal parts = 4;
Number of shaded parts = 2
∴ Fraction of shaded portion = 2/4
(iii) Total number of equal parts = 6;
Number of shaded parts = 3
∴ Fraction of shaded portion = 3/6
(iv) Total number of equal parts = 8;
Number of shaded parts = 4
∴ Fraction of shaded portion = 4/8
Now, \(\frac { 2 }{ 4 } =\frac { 2\div 2 }{ 4\div 2 } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)  [∵ HCF of 2 and 4 is 2]
\(\frac { 3 }{ 6 } =\frac { 3\div 3 }{ 6\div 3 } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \)  [∵ HCF of 3 and 6 is 3]
\(\frac { 4 }{ 8 } =\frac { 4\div 4 }{ 8\div 4 } =\frac { 1 }{ 2 } \) [∵ HCF of 4 and 8 is 4]
Since all fraction in simple form are same.
∴ \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 } =\frac { 2 }{ 4 } =\frac { 3 }{ 6 } =\frac { 4 }{ 8 } \) i.e the fractions are equivalent.