(i) Apart from weapons, the army carried things of daily use such as pots, furniture, golden footstool, food including animals such as goat, deer, rabbits, vegetables and spices. These things were carried on carts or loaded on to pack animals such as camels and elephants.
(ii) The villagers brought gifts of curd, gur and flowers to the king. They provided fodder for the animals. They also tried to meet the king and place their complaints and petitions before him.

(i) This story is from the famous play Abhigyana Shakuntalam.
(ii) Kalidasa wrote this story.
(iii) King Dushyanta is mentioned in this story.
(iv) The king was very happy to see the ring and sent a reward for the fisherman.

(i) These plays provided occasional glimpse of the lives of ordinary people.
(ii) In these plays, the king and most of the Brahmins are shown as speaking Sanskrit, while women and men other than the king and Brahmins use Prakit.

Chandragupta was the first ruler of the Gupta dynasty to adopt the grand title of Maharajadhiraja, a title that Samudragupta and his son, also used.

Harshavardhana was the king of Thanesar who ruled nearly 1400 years ago. We came to know about him through his court poet, Banabhattaa who wrote his biography, the Harshacharita in Sanskrit.

Samudragupta was a famous ruler of the Gupta dynasty. We know about Samudragupta from a long inscription, actually a poem in Sanskrit composed by his court poet, Harishena nearly 1700 years ago. This was inscribed on the Ashokan pillar at Allahabad.

The Pallavas ruled from Kanchi-puram or Kanchi near Chennai. Mahendravarman I and Narasimhavarman I were powerful kings. Continous military conflicts weakened the Pallavas. In the nineth century, the Cholas ended their rule.

The 'Prashasti' word comes from Sanskrit and it means 'in praise of'. Court poets often wrote accounts in which they listed the achievements of the king and praised him. they engraved such accounts on pillars so that the people could read them.

Samudragupta was the son of Chandragupta I. He was the greatest ruler of his dynasty. Chandragupta was the first ruler of the Gupta dynasty to adopt the grand title of Maharajadhiraja.

wars affect the lives o/the ordinary people today in the following ways:
(i) It disturbs the economic position of the country.
(ii) It increases the rate of poverty.
(iii) It causes tremendous loss of life and property.
(iv) It hampers the developmental work of the country.
(v) It gives birth to number of new diseases due to use of chemical weapons.

If I had to make a genealogy for myself, then I would like to include the following persons in it:
l. My great grandfather
2. My grandfather
3. My father
4. My mother
5. My uncle and his sons and daughters.
I would like to show only four generations, which an as follow:
l. Great grandfather
2. Grand father
3. Parents
4. Myself
Student will make a chart himself.

Prashasti is a Sanskrit word which means 'in praise of.' Hence, the prashastis are composed in praise of contemporary kings. They were written by either royal poets or written by the visitors who visited India during this time. Mainly these prashastis were written in Sanskrit which was difficult for common men to read and understand.

The changes made in the army at this time are:
Kings of this time had a large and well maintained army. Except this regular army, there were some military leaders who provided kings with troops whenever they required. These military leaders were not paid salaries. They collected revenue from the land granted by the king and used collected revenue for maintaining good army. Thus, during wars, the military leaders who provided army to kings were known as samantas. This system became an important part of the army at that period.

The three authors who wrote about Harshavardhana were:
(i) Hien-T-Sangs (Xuan Zang)
(ii) Banabhatta
(iii) He himself has written some books.

The things that were carried with the army were as follow:
• Things of daily use such as pots, pans, furniture, golden footstools and food.
• Animals such as goat, deer, rabbits etc.
• Vegetables
• Spices
The villagers came with gifts of curds, gur and flowers and also provided fodder for the animals.