(i) There are duties respecting the National flag and National Anthem. 
(ii) Respect and protect the Constitution, follow our great leaders who fought for our freedom, to protect our country, readiness to serve our country if necessary, treating everyone as brothers irrespective of their castes, religions, languages, races etc., to conserve our ancient heritage, and conserve natural elements like forests, rivers and lakes and fauna to develop science, humanity and feelings of reformation to avoid non-violence and Protect government property, parents or guardians providing educational opportunities to children between 6-14 years etc., have been added as our duties

1. Early man, who hunted and gathered food, later learnt to cultivate crops.
2. When they found rivers which provided them water, settled down permanently near the rivers.
3. These permanent settlements were called villages.

(1) Article 14 of the Indian constitution provides equality before the law or equal protection within the territory of India.
(2) Article 15(1) of the Constitution states that the State shall not to discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
(3) Article 17(1) of the Indian constitution, untouchability is totally abolished.

Scholars like Dharmabalar, Jothibalar, Sumathi and Bodhi Dharamar where born in Kanchi.

1. Harappa
2. Mohenjo - Daro

Classification of Natural Resources:
Natural resources can be classified into different groups depending on origin, development, renewability, distribution, ownership etc
ON THE BASIS OF ORIGIN:
On the basis of origin, resources can be classified into biotic and abiotic resources.
(i) All living resources are biotic resources, plants, animals and other micro organisms are biotic resources.
(ii) Abiotic resources are non-living things. Land, water, air and minerals are abiotic resources.
ON THE BASIS OF DEVELOPMENT:
Based on the level of development, resources can be divided into actual and potential resources.
(i) Actual resources are resources that are being used and the quantity available is ' known. (e.g.) Coal at Neyveli.
(ii) Potential resources are resources that are not being used in the present and its quantity and location are not known. The technology to extract such resources is also yet to be developed. (e.g.) Marine yeast found in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.
ON THE BASIS OF EXllAUSTFFILLITY:
On the basis of renewability resources can be classified as renewable resources and nonrenewable resources.
(i) Resources once consumed can be renewed with the passage of time are called renewable resources. (e.g.) Air, Water, Sunlight. Misuse of such resources can also limit its available quantity. So, they have to be used wisely.
(ii) Natural resources which are limited can be called non-renewable resources. They become exhausted after use and the time they take to replace does not match the life cycle. (e.g.) Coal, petroleum, natural gas and other minerals.

Prepare slogans, posters and placards to celebrate International Mountain Day.
(i) "Mountains are among the most beautiful land masses in the world."
(ii) "Mountains are beautiful as they rise up above the clouds and show just how grand the world can be."
(iii) "Great things are done when men and mountains meet."
(iv) "How glorious a greeting the Sun gives the mountains."
(v) "Mountains are earth's undecaying monuments."
(vi) "The mountains, forests and seas render men savage, they develop fierce, but yet do not destroy the human. "
(vii) "Men stumble over pebbles, never over mountains."
(viii) "Each fresh peak ascended teaches something."
(ix) "Mountains are the beginning and end of all natural scenery."
(x) "He who climbs upon the highest mountains laughs at all tragedies, real or imaginary.

The remedial measures for abolishing inequality and discrimination in Indian society are as follows.
(i) Wider access to quality based services like healthcare and education for all.
(ii) Be aware of current gender bias.
(iii) Make women more visible in public life and institution to eradicate gender disparity.
(iv) Be open to learning about other religions.
(v) Promoting community dining in the classroom may help the students to sit together without any bias of caste, religion or gender.
(vi) Socialise with people of all types outside home.
(vii) Effective implementation of laws.

(i) In ancient period, the people lived in caves.
(ii) Hunting was their main occupation.
(iii) Caves did not live in such a safe environment.
(iv) There might have been changes of wild animals entering caves.
(v) But they realised that dogs could help them prevent the entry of such dangerous animal by sniffing skill.
(vi) Hence they started domesticating dog for their protection and hunting activities.