Agriculture brought about important changes. Man gave up his nomadic life and settled down at one, place in selected areas. He could grow his own food. He no longer was a wanderer or gatherer and settled down in one place. Man put forward the first step towards development.

(i) Mehrgarh is a site that is located in a fertile plain, near the Bolan Pass. It was one of the most important routes in Iran.
(ii) Mehrgarh was a place where women and men learnt to grow barley and wheat and rear sheep and goats for the first time. It is one of the earliest villages that we know about.

Man learnt to produce fire by rubbing together two pieces of stone. That discovery was an accidental invention. He started to use fire for cooking food, for light and heat and to scare wild animals.

Usually two to three generations live together in small settlements or villages. Most families are related to one another and groups of such families form a tribe. Members of a tribe follow occupations such as hunting, gathering, farming, herding and fishing.

The life of early people was as follows:
(i) With the beginning of growing plants, people had to stay in a same place for a longtime. It was not possible for them to migrate frequently as before.
(ii)They had to wait for a long time looking after the plants, watering, weeding, driving away animals and birds -till the grain ripened and then, the grain had to be used carefully.
(iii) In some parts of the sub-continent, people beqanrnaklnq large clay pots or wove baskets or dug pits into the ground as the grain had to be stored for both food and seed.

The culture of tribal society is as follows:
(i) In tribal society, some men are regarded as leaders, they may be old and experienced or  young, brave warriors or priests. Old women are respected for their wisdom and experience.
(ii) Tribes have rich and unique cultural traditions, including their own language, music, stories and including their own language, music, stories and goddesses.

The three points showing difference between the lives of former/herders and hunter-gatherers are as follow:
(i) Hunter-gatherers depended on meat of wild animals whereas&rmersand herders used plants, crops and cattle.
(ii) Hunter-gatherers did not have any settled life whereas farmers and herders gradually settled in huts, pit-houses etc.
(iii) Hunter-gatherers kept travelling from place to place whereas farmers had to live at the same place for longer periods of time to take care of their crops.

People who grow crops have to stay in the same place for a long time because the crops require proper maintenance. It requires constant watering, weeding and driving away animals and birds until the grain will fully grow. Then, the grain has to be used carefully.

Activities performed by men in tribal societies are as follows:
(i) Hunting
(ii) Herding
(iii) Food-gathering
(iv) Fishing
Activities performed by women in tribal societies are as follows:
(i) Cooking
(ii) Sowing seeds
(iii) Farming
(iv) Harvesting grain
Activities performed by both men and women are as follows:
(i) Farming 
(ii) Making houses
(iv) Milking
(v) Cleaning of animals

I think hunter-gatherers would not have made and used pots because they were food gatherers not food producers. They did not have large quantity of grains as a produce from agriculture. They did not require any pot or basket to store grains.

(i) The members of a tribe follow occupations such as hunting, gathering, farming, herding and fishing.
(ii) Women do most of the agricultural work like preparing the ground, sowing seeds, looking after the growing plants and harvesting grain.
(iii) Children often look after plants, driving away animals and birds that might eat them. The cleaning of animals and milking, is done by both men and women.
(iv) Both women and men make pots, baskets, tools and huts. They also take part in singing, dancing and decorating their huts.

(i) Pig \(\rightarrow\) for meat.
(ii) Buffalo \(\rightarrow\) milk-giving animal.
(iii) Sheep\(\rightarrow\) meat and wool. 
(iv) Dog \(\rightarrow\) to look after the house and fields.
(v) Cattle\(\rightarrow\) for dairy and milk products.
(vi) Ox\(\rightarrow\) for ploughing the fields and pulling the carts.
(vii) Goat \(\rightarrow\) milk and meat.

Grain and bones are found in Daojali Hading. This is a site on the hills near the Brahmaputra Valley. It is close to routes leading into China and Myanmar. Here stone tools, including mortars and pestles, have been found. These indicate that people were probably growing grain and preparing food from it. Jadeite, a stone that may have been brought from China, tools made of fossil wood (ancient wood that has hardened into stone), and also pottery, are found here.

Works of artisans of early period were as follow.
(i) Artisans made advanced stone tools that were polished and had a fine cutting edge.
(ii) Various kinds of decorated pots have been found which were used for storing things.
(iii) This was the beginning of using pots for cooking food, especially grains like rice, wheat and lentils.
(iv) Besides these, people also began weaving clothes, using different kinds of materials, for example cotton.