Neem tree, Tulsi, Amla.

(a) Loud Speaker - Noise pollution
(b) Plastic - Land pollution

Any substance that causes polution is known as pollutant. Chemicals, pesticides, smoke, crackers are the Pollutant.

Urea, super phosphate, Ammonium sulphate and potassium nitrate.

Floating layer of ice acts as a protective coat and does not permit heat to escape from water. So aquatic animals manage to live in Arctic and Antarctic circle.

(i) Like poles (N-N, S-S) repel each other.
(ii) Unlike poles (N-S, S-N) attract each other.

(i) Like human being, animals also depend on plants for their necessity.
(ii) Silk worm eat mulbery leaves and produce silk.
(iii) Animals, insects and birds help in cross pollination.
(iv) Entering of insects into the flower leads to pollination. It increases yield of crop.
(v) Plants and algae living in coral reefs are the food variety of fishes and fisheries work is done in these areas.
(vi) Animals and plants are play an important role in spreading of seeds.

(i) Noise pollution affects the environment. Unpleasant or loud sounds distrub us. This is called as noise pollution.
(ii) Loud music the sounds of motor vehicles, fireworks and machines causes noise pollution.
(iii) Continuous noise disturbs our sleep and does not let us to study and also it make stress and health impacts.
(iv) It is also disturb animals, bird and whales in under water.
(v) To reduce noise pollution lower the volume when you watch TV or listen to music.
(vi) Remind drivers not to use the horm too much.
(vii) Avoid fire works and do not speak loudly.

Aim: Soap manufacturing.
Requirements:
i) 35 ml of water.
ii) 10 ml of NaOH.
iii) 60 ml of coconut oil.
Procedure:
i) Cover your work area with old newspaper.
ii) Take 35 ml of water in a jar.
iii) Add 10 gram of concentrated NaOH and allow it to cool.
iv) Then add 60 ml of coconut oil drop by drop and stir it well.
v) On getting dried, soap can be obtained.

(i) Direct collection and use of rain water is called rainwater harvesting.
(ii) Excellent and valuable source of water in emergencies.
(iii) Ideal solution for inadequancy of water.
(iv) Increase ground water level.
(v) Reduces rainwater run off and solves drainage problems in houses.

(i) Dr. Rajendra Singh is known as "Waterman of India".
(ii) He is a well - known water conservationist and environmentalist.
(iii) His team built rainwater storage tanks, check dams and other timetested as well as path - breaking techniques.
(iv) His team built over 8600 johads to collect rain water for all seasons. It has brought water back to over 1000 villages and revived five rivers in Rajasthan.
Awards:
(i) He won stockholm water prize in 2005, an award known as "The Noble Prize for water".
(ii) Ramon Magsaysay Award in 2001.
(iii) Jamnalal Bajaj Award in 2005.

i) Electromagnets are used in electromagnetic trains.
ii) Electromagnets are magnetised when current flows through them. When the direction of current is changed, poles will be changed.
iii) Magnets are attached at the bottom of the train and rail tracks.
iv) The train is lifted from track upto 10 cm height by the property of some poles that repel each other.
v) By using attraction and repulsion at the same time between the magnets in tracks and bottom of the train it moves forward.
vi) The magnets are controlled by electricity.
vii) There is no friction. So the train can easily attain a speed of 300 km/h.

i) Free and open software is available at free of cost and can be shared to many end users.
ii) Free software is editable and customizable by the user and this leads to updation or development of new software.
iii) Examples of Free and Open source software are: LINUX, Open office, Geogebra etc.

(i) Two organism depend on one another for their benefits.
(ii) In this process one will not effect another.
(iii) Both organisms are dependent for their food.
(iv) For example the relationship between honey bee and plants.

Some wastes are degraded by bacteria, fungi and Some insects. It will become as a fertilizer. This type of waste are called as biodegradable waste.
(e.g) Vegetables and fruit wastes, food and garden waste.

Cement is manufactured by crushing of naturally occurring minerals such as lime, clay and gypsum.

(i) Create awareness among the people.
(ii) Rain water harvesting.
(iii) Recycling of water by separating pollutants.
(iv) Save water for the future generations by using water carefully and in a limited way, This is conservation of water.
(v) Controlling deforestation.
(vi) Adopting drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation in agriculture. By this way lesser amount of water can be used for irrigation.

(i) When there is no pond or lake in an area formation of clouds will be possible.
(ii) Transpiration from the arial parts of all plants and trees will evaporate water and it will form clouds.