(i) Pandyas, the Cholas and later the Kalabras ruled Madurai in the ancient period.
(ii) During medieval times, later Cholas and later Pandyas followed by the Nayaks ruled this historic town.

1. Harappa
2. Mohenjo - Daro

Poompuhar - Educational centre

Eastern Sea - Ahil

Mesopotamian civilization.

Kanchi is the oldest city in Thondai Nadu.

Trade is an act or process of buying, selling or exchanging goods and services.

(i) A place of learning is called school.
(ii) Several schools were established in great numbers for the first time in Kancheepuram.
(iii) Jains studied in Jainapalli, and Buddhists studied in Viharas.
(iv) The greatness of Kanchi as an educational centre can be understand from the fact that the chinese traveller Hieun Tsang who studied at Nalanda University visited Kanchi 'Kadigai' to pursue his further studies.
(v) Poet kalidasa says, "Kanchi is the best of the towns".
(vi) Tamil poet saint Thirunavukarasar praises kanchi as "Kalviyil Karai illatha Kanchi".

(i) Scholars like Dharmabalar, Jothibalar, Sumathi and Bodhi Dharmar were born in Kanchi.
Bodhi Dharmar:
(i) Bodhi Dharmar is considered the found father of zen Buddhism
(ii) He taught martial arts to the Chinese and also how to control the breath to strengthen the blood and immune system energize the brain.
(iii) He passed away around 534 C.E.
Dharmapala:
(i) He lived in patatitta vihara near Kanchi.
(ii) He wrote pali commentaries for some of the Tripitakas.
(iii) He taught at Nalanda University but died young at the age of 32.

(i) Mesopotamian civilisation is the earliest civilisation in the world.  
(ii) It is 6500 years old.
(iii) Now a days the city of Mesopotamia is called Iraq.

City of Temples -Kancheepuram.