The use of any natural resource depends on the place it is available, the form in which it is available and the technology necessary to avail it

People are also referred to as resources

The receding of coal and petrol was in need of an inexhaustible resource (time).

(i) Use of iron plough and axe helped to put more areas of land under cultivation.
(ii) Crops of wheat, rice and barley were cultivated.
(iii) With the growth of agriculture, the idea of private possession of land came into existence.
(iv) New crafts and arts developed leading to production of commodities for sale

(i) In the later Vedic period the Aryans tamed elephants, apart from cow, goat, sheep and horse.

The sky gods like Prithvi (Earth), Agni (fire), Vayu (wind), Varona (rain), Indra (Thunder).

The present needs of resources are met and the conserving of resources for the future are balanced, we call it sustainable development.

Actual resources are resources that are being used and the quantity available is known. (e.g.) Coal at Neyveli.

Antarctica.

Third order of land form.

When prejudice gets stronger, it develops into a stereotype. stereotype is a false view or idea about something.

Prejudice means to judge other people in a negative or inferior manner, without knowing much about them. It happens when people have false belief and ideas.

1. Pacific Ocean
2. Atlantic Ocean

The types of diversity are 
(i) Land forms and Lifestyle diversity
(ii) Social diversity
(iii) Religions diversity
(iv) Linguistic diversity
(v) Cultural diversity

People speak different languages, eat different kinds of food, celebrate their own festivals and different cultures, worship in different ways, yet we live together. This is known as diversity.

Scholars like Dharmabalar, Jothibalar, Sumathi and Bodhi Dharamar where born in Kanchi.

(i) Tamil Literature
(ii) Accounts of foreign travellers
(iii) Archaeological finds provide us information about the ancient town of Tamilagam.

(i) Indus people were great traders.
(ii) There is evidence for extensive maritime trade with Mesopotamia. Indus seals have been found as for as Mesopotamia which are modern day Iraq, Kuwait and parts of syria.
(iii) King -Naram-Sin of Akkadian Empire (Sumerian) has written about buying jewellery from the land of Melukha (a region in the Indus Valley).
(iv) Cylindrical seals similar to those found in Persian Gulf and Mesopotamia have also been found in the Indus area.
(v) A naval dockyard has been discovered in Lothal. It shows the maritime activities of the Indus people.

(i) Literary sources
(ii) Aerial photographs
(iii) Magnetic scanner
(iv) RADAR 
(v) Remote sensing methods.

Modern human beings; hunting and gathering society; still used crude stone implements.

Evolution is the process through which the human kind changes and develops towards an advanced stage of life.

(i) Potteries
(ii) Toys
(iii) Tools
(iv) Ornaments

(i) Some would have stayed back, without joining the hunting team.
(ii) So for their benefit, these pictures could have been drawn.
(iii) They might have done it as a part of their passtime.

a. Bay of Bangal
b. North America and South America
c. Almost completely surrounded by Eurasia and North America.
d. Palk Strait.
e. Indian Ocean to the west, the South Pacific Ocean to the East and the Southern
Ocean to the South.
f. Isthumusses -ANarrow piece ofland connecting two larger areas across an expanse of water. Isthumus of Panama - Central America.

On tile basis of ownership
Based on ownership resources can be classified into Individual resources, Communityowned
resources, National resources and International resources. '
(i) Individual resources are resources privately owned by individuals. (e.g.) Apartments.
(ii) Community-owned resources are resources which can be utilised by all the members of the community. (e.g.) Public parks.
(iii) National resources are resources within the political boundaries and oceanic area of a country. (e.g.) Tropical forest regions of India,
(iv) International resources are all oceanic resources found in the open ocean. Resources found in this region can be utilized only after an international agreement. (e.g.) Ambergris.

Sustainable development can take place when
(i) The reasons of depletion are identified.
(ii) Wastage and excess consumption is prevented.
(iii) Reusable resources are recycled.
(iv) Pollution is prevented.
(v) Environment is protected.
(vi) Natural vegetation and wild life are preserved.
(vii) Alternative resources are used.

Mahatma Gandhi blamed "human beings" for depletion of resources because of
(i) Over exploitation of resources
(ii) Unlimited needs of human beings. So, conservation is very important

If I were a King like Ashoka; I will implement some schemes.
Education:
To provide quality and equal free education to all from primary to higher studies.
Medical Aid:
To provide quality and free medical aid to all.
Health:
To provide basic needs like food, shelter, dress to all.
Economics:
To develop the economic status of our country giving importance to agricultural activities.
Employment:
To create employment opportunities for growing population from long term schemes.
Information technology:
Due to up coming technologies in the world I will implement new schemes to modernise the

(i) Ashoka fought the Kalinga war in 261 B.C.
(ii) He won the war and captured Kalinga.
(iii) The horror of war was described by the king himself in the Rock Edict XIII.
(iv) After the battle of Kalinga, Ashoka became a Buddhist.
(v) He under took tours to different parts of the country instructing people on policy of Dhamma.
(vi) Ashoka sent his son Mahindra and his daughter Sanghamitra to Srilanka to propagate Buddhism.
(vii) He took importance in the welfare of the people like hospitals, laying roads, irrigation, etc.
(viii) So, Ashoka was considered as a great emperor of ancient India.

Buddha's Four Noble Truths:
(i) Life is full of sorrow and misery.
(ii) Desire is the cause of misery
(iii) Sorrows and sufferings can be removed by giving up one's desire.
(iv) The desire can be overcome by following the right path.

Status of women in Rig Vedic Period:
(i) In Rig Vedic society, women relatively enjoyed some freedom.
(ii) The wife was respected as the mistress of the household.
(iii) She could perform rituals in her house.
(iv) Child marriage and sati were unknown.
(v) There was no bar on the remarriage of widows.
(vi) Nevertheless, the women were denied right.to inherit property from their parents.
(vii) They played no role in public affairs.
Later Vedic period:
(i) In the later Vedic period the role of women in society, as well as their status, even within the family, declined.
(ii) Women could no longer perform rituals in the family.
(iii) The rules of marriage became much more rigid.
(iv) Polygamy became common.
(v) Widow remarriage was not encouraged.
(vi) Education was denied to women.
(vii) lntercaste marriages were spurned.

(i) Mountains make up more than a quarter of the planet's land mass. These surfaces provide resources for nearly 700 million people through out the world.
(ii) Mountains provide energy resources, food and water to people all around the world.
(iii) But climate change could cause mountains to shrink.
(iv) Deforestation has also been a threat while natural disasters often damage many mountains.
(v) Mountains are among the most beautiful land masses in the world. So like conservation of forests, conservation of mountains also equally important.

Agriculture was one of their occupation:
(i) Granaries were used to store food grains.
(ii) The remains of wheat, barley, millets, sesame and pulses have been found there.
(iii) A granary with walls made of mud bricks, which are still in a good condition, has been discovered in Rakhigarhi, a village in Haryana, belonging to mature Harappan phase.

Some common social factors. that contributes to the rise of prejudice are
(i) Socialisation
(ii) Conforming behaviours
(iii) Economic benefits
(iv) Authorita, rian personality
(v) Ethno-cntrism
(vi) Group losure
(vii) Conflicts

(i) Kanchi is also known as the temple city.
(ii) The famous temple of great architectural beauty, Kailasanathar temple, was built by later pallava king Rajasimha II at Kanchi.
(iii) During the Pallava period, a large number of cave temples were built.
(iv) Some temples are situated at Kancheepuram like Ekambaranather Temple, Ulaganath Perumal Temple, Varatharaja Perumal Temple.

(i) Mesopotamian civilisation is the earliest civilisation in the world.  
(ii) It is 6500 years old.
(iii) Now a days the city of Mesopotamia is called Iraq.

(i) According to census of India 2001, India has 122 major languages and 1599 other languages.
(ii) Four major Indian language families are Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Austroasiatic, and Sino Tibetian. Tamil is the oldest Dravidian language.
(iii) Historically, the Portuguese, the Dutch, the British, the Danish and the French came to India for trade and their occupation of India or some parts of it has left behind a certain impact upon the culture and language of the people.
(iv) Because the British ruled over the entire country for over three hundred years before independence in 1947, the English language gained prominence in India. In due course, English has emerged as an important language and a medium of instruction in schools and colleges.
(v) It is widely used in official communication and daily life.
Cultural Diversity :
(i) The term 'culture' refers to customs and practices of people, their language, their dress code, cuisine, religion, social habits, music, art, and architecture.
(ii) The culture of a group of people is reflected in their social behavior and interactions.
(iii) The group identity fostered by social patterns is unique to a group.
(iv) Art and architecture are an integral part of every community.
(v) It develops as a part of culture and tradition of a community.
(vi) Each of the 29 states and 7 Union territories of India has rich traditions and unique ways of artistic expression.

CLASSIFICATION OF LAND FORMS:
First Order:
Continents: The vast land masses on earth are called continents.
Oceans: Oceans are vast expanse of water.
Second Order:
Mountains: A landform that rises 600 metre above its surroundings and has steep slopes is called a mountain.
Plateaus: Plateaus are the elevated portions of the earth that have flat surfaces bounded by steep slopes.
Plains: Plains are a flat and relatively low lying lands.
Third Order:
(i) Third order landforms are formed on Mountains, plateaus, and plains mainly by erosional and depositional activities of rivers, glaciers, winds and waves.
(ii) Valleys, beaches and sand dunes are some examples of the third order landforms.

(i) The earth is the most suitable planet to support life.
(ii) It has thrge major components that we call as the realms of the Earth lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.
Lithosphere:
(i) The lithosphere is the land on which we live.
(ii) It is the solid outer layer of the earth consisting of rocks and soils.
Hydrosphere:
(i) The hydrosphere consists of water bodies such as oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, ice caps.on mountains and water vapour in the atmosphere.
Atmosphere:
(i) Atmosphere is the envelope of air that surrounds the earth.
(ii) Different types of gases make up the atmosphere.
(iii) The major gases are Nitrogen 78% and Oxygen 21%.
(iv) The other gases like Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen, Helium, Argon and Ozone are present in meager amounts.
Biosphere:
(i) The narrow belt of interaction among the lithosphere, the hydrosphere and the atmosphere, where life exists is known as biosphere.
(ii) Bio means life in Greek.
(iii) It consists of distinct zones.
(iv) Each zone has its own climate, plant and animal life.
(iv) These zones are known as ecosystems.

Rotation:
(i) It is the spinning movement of the earth on its axis.
(ii) The rotation of the earth causes day and night.
(iii) As the earth is spherical in shape, only one half of it is illuminated by the sun at a time.
(iv) The other half remains dark.
(v) The illuminated portion of the earth experiences day, whereas the darkened part of the earth experiences night.
Revolution:
(i) It is the movement of the earth around the sun on its elliptical path.
(ii) The inclination of the earth on its axis and its revolution around the sun cause different seasons.