Types of discrimination:
(a) Caste discrimination
(b) Gender discrimination
(c) Religious discrimination
(a) Gaste discrimination:
(i) Caste system is the most dominant reason for inequality and discrimination in India.
(ii) Many people in India have fought against caste oppression.
(iii) The most prominent among them was Dr.B.R.Ambedkar.
(iv) He fought actively for equality among the citizens of India.
(b) Gender discrimination:
(i) Gender discrimination refers to health, education, economic and political inequalities between men and women in India.
(ii) For example a girl is not allowed to go to college after finishing her schooling.
(iii) Most of the girls are not allowed to select a career of their choice, rather they are forced into marriage.
(iv) In some families, girls are not allowed to wear modern dresses while boys in such families often wear modern dresses.
(c) Religious discrimination:
(i) Religions discrimination is unequal treatment of an individual or group based on their beliefs.
(ii) Religious discrimination has been around for a long time.
(iii) There have been problems between people of different religions for thousands of years.
(iv) Some people are not allowed to enter in public places; especially the places of worship, because they belong to another religion.
(v) Some religious people often end up in conflict with each other because of their rituals and way of life.

(i) Kanchi is also known as the temple city.
(ii) The famous temple of great architectural beauty, Kailasanathar temple, was built by later pallava king Rajasimha II at Kanchi.
(iii) During the Pallava period, a large number of cave temples were built.
(iv) Some temples are situated at Kancheepuram like Ekambaranather Temple, Ulaganath Perumal Temple, Varatharaja Perumal Temple.

(i) One of the popular sangam Literature, Pattinappaalai and Tamil epics, Silappathikaram and Manimegalai have references to the brisk sea-borne trade that took place in the port city, Puhar.
(ii) Numerous merchants from foreign countries such as Greece and Rome landed Poompuhar. Horses were imported by sea.
(iii) Pepper was procured through the land route.
(iv) Gold that came from Vadamalai.
(v) Sandal from western Ghats.
(vi) Pearls from southern sea
(vii) Corals from eastern sea.
(viii) Food items from Eelam were imported.

(i) Diversities are seen in landscapes, climate, natural vegetation and soil.
(ii) Diversities are seen in languages, races, religion, customs and caste. 
(iii) And also diversities are seen in habits and heritage, food and dress, art and architecture.
(iv) Irrespective of differences in all the above, we all take pride in calling ourselves as Indians.
(v) The feeling of oneness and unity among the people of various religious, castes of a country is called unity in diversity.

(i) The important features of the pacific ocean:
(ii) The pacific ocean is the largest and deepest ocean on the earth.
(iii) It covers about one-third of the earth's total area and spreads for about 168.72 million sq.km
(iv) This oceans shape is roughly triangular with its apex in the north at the bering strait which connects the pacific ocean with the arctic ocean.
(v) The bering sea, the china sea and the Philippines sea, the sea of Japan and Tasman sea are some of the marginal seas of the pacific ocean.
(vi) Indonesia, philippines, japan, hawaii, newzealand are some of the islands located in this ocean.
(vii) The deepest point mariana trench is 10,994m and is located in the pacific ocean.
(viii) A chain of volcanoes is located around the pacific ocean called the pacific ring of fire.

(i) The earth is the most suitable planet to support life.
(ii) It has thrge major components that we call as the realms of the Earth lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere.
Lithosphere:
(i) The lithosphere is the land on which we live.
(ii) It is the solid outer layer of the earth consisting of rocks and soils.
Hydrosphere:
(i) The hydrosphere consists of water bodies such as oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, ice caps.on mountains and water vapour in the atmosphere.
Atmosphere:
(i) Atmosphere is the envelope of air that surrounds the earth.
(ii) Different types of gases make up the atmosphere.
(iii) The major gases are Nitrogen 78% and Oxygen 21%.
(iv) The other gases like Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen, Helium, Argon and Ozone are present in meager amounts.
Biosphere:
(i) The narrow belt of interaction among the lithosphere, the hydrosphere and the atmosphere, where life exists is known as biosphere.
(ii) Bio means life in Greek.
(iii) It consists of distinct zones.
(iv) Each zone has its own climate, plant and animal life.
(iv) These zones are known as ecosystems.