(i) Literary sources prove to be most important in gaining knowledge about past events.
(ii) The Britishers laid the foundation of keeping records of each and every plan, policy, decision, instruction, agreement, and treaty, etc.
(iii) They started preserving important written documents such as letters, memos, etc.
(iv) Record rooms were established across all the important offices in rural as well as urban areas.
(v) Later, archives and museums were established to protect these records and documents so that they could be accessed in the future.

(i) Survey means a study or investigation of important facts and figures regarding a particular subject, topic or a country for acquiring additional and specific information for further study or investigation.
(ii) In the early 19^th century, detailed surveys were conducted throughout the country in almost all the major fields.
(iii) Such as, the topography, studying the cropping pattern.
(iv) Botanical surveys, zoological surveys, archeological surveys, anthropological surveys and forest surveys, etc.
(v) In order to collect necessary information regarding the country.

(i) History is a record of significant events written in chronological order.
(ii) It is the subject from where we find out how things were in the past and how things have changed in the past.
(iii) We periodise a time in order to characterise it into different periods on the basis of some significant events that have happened during those days.
(iv) These demarcations of time into different periods in the past is known as 'Periodisation', which become important for history.
(v) They help to reflect our ideas quickly about the happenings and changes from one period to the next.

The events covered in the Modern History of India are:
(i) Establishment of company rule.
(ii) The set up of British administration system i.e. land revenue, economic policies, etc.
(iii) The first War of India's Independence-The Revolt of 1857.
(iv) End of Mughal Empire.
(v) Direct control over India by British Government.
(vi) The new socio-economic reform movement began in India.
(vii) The role of National leaders or era of rise of Nationalism.
(viii) Freedom Movement and Independence.

Yes, the two reports differ from each other in their nature. In source I, the reporting is being done by a government official who is explaining the actions taken against the mutineers. But it does not reveal the reasons as to why this situation arose or their views/perspectives/objectives.
On the other hand, the report in Source 2 describes why the police had staged strikes, and also where and how. This report is an exam of neutral reporting by the media, and is much more realistic. This highlights the actual behaviour/manner of the government against the colonised.

In this painting, mapping, and survey operations are going on in Bengal.

This advertisement was published in 1922.

Shastras to Britannia, frontispiece to the first map produced by James Rennel, 1782 Renne! was asked by Robert Clive to produce maps of Hindustan. An enthusiastic supporter of British conquest of India, Renne! saw the preparation of maps as essential to the process of domination. The picture here tries to suggest that Indians
willingly gave over their ancient texts to Britannia - the symbol of British power - as if asking her to become the protector of Indian culture.

The painting was drawn by James Prinsep in 1832.

Many historians have divided Indian history into ancient, medieval and modern. This periodisation has been borrowed from the West. 
According to them, a modern period was associated with the growth of science, reason, democracy, liberty, and equality. This view was accepted by the Western thinkers after the French Revolution.
Medieval period was a term used to describe a society where all these features of modern society did not exist.
If we accept this periodisation for our country, there must arise some problems. These are
We cannot justify the British Raj of India as the modern period.
At that time, people did not have equality, freedom or liberty. There was no economic growth and progress in the society.