Traditional methods use manpower and animal power, and there is a wastage of water also during irrigation. To overcome these problems modern methods of irrigation are used.

The rabi crops are known as winter crops because they are grown in winter season, e.g. wheat, gram, etc.

The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at one place is called a crop

Agriculture is the applied branch of biology which involves the practice of cultivating crops as well as rearing animals.

Seed drill is an odd pair in the above given set of tools as it is a modern agricultural tool used to sow seeds at uniform distances and to properly cover them with soil.

The levelling of ploughed field is beneficial because of following reasons:
(i) It prevents the top fertile soil from being carried away by strong winds or water.
(ii) It helps in uniform distribution of water in the fields during irrigation.
(iii) It also prevents loss of moisture from the ploughed soil.

(a) The practice of rearing of farm animals on a large scale is called animal husbandry.
(b) In animal husbandry, animals are provided with proper food, shelter and care.

The planting of a leguminous crop in a field has the same effect as adding nitrogenous fertiliser in the field. They can fix atmospheric nitrogen themselves by using nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules. Therefore, nitrogenous fertilisers are not required for growing leguminous plants.

Fertilisers are chemical substances that have a particular plant nutrient in concentrated form. They differ from manure on the basis of formation as these are produced in factories while manure can be prepared by farmer himself on the fields.

Rabi crops are wheat, pea, mustard while kharif crops are maize, paddy (rice) or soybean. These are grown in different seasons and therefore can very well be rotated alternatively. Pea and soybean are leguminous plants which harbour bacteria, i.e. Rhizobium in their nodules, thus help in fixing nitrogen. These nitrogen fixing plants can replenish nitrogen in the field and hence Beera can easily practice crop rotation.

Weeds can be controlled by:
(i) Tilling of farm before sowing. This helps in uprooting the weeds which dry up and are killed.
(ii) Weeding or removal of weeds should be done before they produce flowers or seeds. Dry weather is favourable for weeding.
(iii) Physical removal of weeds should be done from time to time using khurpi or a tractor driven harrow.
(iv) Rotation of crops also helps in controlling weeds.
(v) Weedicides i.e., chemicals to control weeds, should be sprayed in the fields during vegetative growth of weeds before flowering or seed formation.

Main tools used to prepare soil are as follows:
(i) Plough: This implement is made of wood and is drawn by a pair of bulls or other animals. It is used for tilling the soil, adding manure, removing the weeds, scraping of soil etc.
(ii) Hoe: It is a simple tool that is used for removing weeds and for loosening the soil.
(iii) Cultivator: Ploughing is done by tractor-driven cultivator. It uses less labour and time.

The supply of water to crops at different intervals is called irrigation. Latest irrigation method help us to use water economically. The main methods used are as follows:
(i) Sprinkler system: This system is more useful on the uneven lands where water is available in smaller quantity. The perpendicular pipes, having rotating nozzles on the top, are joined to the main pipe lines at regular intervals. When the water is allowed to flow through the main pipe with the help of a pump, it escapes from the rotating nozzles. It is sprinkled on the crop as if it is raining. Sprinkler is very useful for the sandy soil.
(ii) Drip system: In this system, the water falls drop by drop just at the position of the roots. So it is called drip system. It is the best technique of watering fruit plants, gardens and trees. This system consists of a main pipe to which lateral pipes are joined. The specially prepared nozzles are attached to these lateral pipes. The nozzles are grounded just near the roots of the plants. It provides water to plants drop by drop. Water is not wasted at all. So, it is a boon in regions where availability of water is poor