b) macaulay’s minutes of 1835 - english education

The Right of children to Free and Compulsory Education Act or Right to Education Act, is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted on 4 August 2009,which describes the modalities of the importance of Free and Compulsory education for children between 6 and 14 in Indla under Article 21(a) of the Indian Constitution.

SSA - The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
RMSA - The Rastriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan.

1. Taxila was an ancient Indian city, which is now in north-western Pakistan.
2. It is an important archaeological site and the UNESCO declared it as a world heritage site in 1980
3. Archaeologist Alexander Cunningham discovered its ruins in the mid-19^th century.

1. During the early period Education was imparted by the teacher to the pupils who gathered around him and came to live in his house as members of his family. This was known as Gurukula system Education
2. The main objectives was to have complete learning, leading a disciplined life and realising on inner potential

1. The Chola period was the most brilliant and creative period in the Tamil literature,
2. Tamil education enjoyed a greater connection with religion and temple.
3. Free education was given to people.
4. The curriculam and syllabi had a theoretical background.
5. From the inscription of that period, we can now gain knowledge about the qualification of teacher, method of teaching, salary of teachers, food provided to the students and the land given to the schools, etc.
6. Rajaraja Chaturvedimangalam was the famous seat of a Vedic college.
7. At Tirubuvanaia Vedic college flourished,
8. The Tiruvidaikkalai inscription mentions a library.
9. Tiruvaduthural inscription of Virarajendra refers to a medical school

1. The historical sources provide the information that from very early times, the tradition of teaching and learning had been vogue in India
2. The concept of Education might have originated from the Vedas.
3. The writings of Panini. Aryabhata, Katyayana and Patanjali and the medical treatises of Charaka and Sushruta were also some of the sources of learning.
4. Indigenous Education was imparted at home, in temples, patashalas and gurukulas.
5. Temples played a vital role in imparting education and served the centres of learning
6. Students went to viharas and universities for higher studies.
7. The Gurukula was also the place where the relationship between guru and student strengthened with time.
8. The lataka tales, accounts given by Hiuen Tsang and I - Tsing and other sources tell us that kings and society took an active interest in promoting education

1. The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan is the Government of India's flagship programme that was launched in 2000-01 to achieve Universal Elementary Education,
2. SSA is new the primary vehicle for implementing the provisions of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act (2009)
3. Right to Education provides free and compulsory education to all the children from the age of 6 to 14 years.
4. The SSA initiates a variety of innovation and activities related to schools
5. Some important activities include providing the Mid - Day Meals and stipends for students, the setting up of School Management Committees and provision of teaching-learning materials for classrooms