India has eight industrial regions and they are:
(i) Mumbai-Pune Region: It extends from Thane to Pune and the adjoining districts of Nasik and Sholapur.
(ii) Hugli Region: It extends from Bansbaria in the north to Birlanagar in the south.
(iii) Bangalore- Tamil Nadu Region: It extends from Banglore to all parts of Tamil Nadu except Villupuram.
(iv) Gujarat Region: It lies between Ahmedabad and Vadodara in the south to Jamnagar in the west.
(v) Chhotanagpur Region: It extends over Jharkhand, northern Odisha and western West Bengal.
(vi) Vishakhapatnam-Guntur Region: It extends from Vishakhapatnam district to Kurnool and Prakasam district in the south.
(vii) Gurgaon-Delhi-Merrut Region: It includes Gurgaon, Delhi, Shahadara, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Meerut, Modinagar, Ambala, Agra and Mathura.
(viii) Kollam- Thiruvananthapuram Region: It is spread over Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alwaye, Ernakulam, and Alappuzha districts.

In the above map, the areas which are under the British rule are-some parts of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, etc.

(i) History is a record of significant events that have occurred over a period of time or on a particular day in the past.
(ii) History is a subject which deals with past events, such as when a battle was fought, period of dynasties, when a king was crowned, birth of any religion and various other changes, etc.
(iii) History is also important to know the exact date and year of any particular event.
(iv) Hence, we continue to associate history with a string of dates, since details of any such events which have occurred in the past cannot be determined without referring to the specific dates. So, in other words, we can say that history is synonymous with dates.

The events covered in the Modern History of India are:
(i) Establishment of company rule.
(ii) The set up of British administration system i.e. land revenue, economic policies, etc.
(iii) The first War of India's Independence-The Revolt of 1857.
(iv) End of Mughal Empire.
(v) Direct control over India by British Government.
(vi) The new socio-economic reform movement began in India.
(vii) The role of National leaders or era of rise of Nationalism.
(viii) Freedom Movement and Independence.

Privately-owned companies are always aiming for profit maximization. Foreign companies also come to India with the same motive. Availability of cheap labour is the prime attraction. Wages that the companies have to pay to workers, say in the USA, are far higher than what they pay to workers in poorer countries like India. Companies can get longer hours of work for lower pay.
Additional expenses like housing for workers are also fewer. Cost cutting can also be done by other more dangerous means because of lax safety rules in India. Due to high population and rampant unemployment, employers exploit workers because of their vulnerable positions and there is always the option to replace one employee with another.

Three important methods of water conservation are:
(i) To slow down the rate of surface run-off, we must grow plants and vegetation.
(ii) We must promote rainwater harvesting technique to collect the rain water.
(iii) In agriculture, sprinkle or drip irrigation methods must be used.

The artist is trying to convey that the Parliament enables citizens of India to participate in decision making process and controlling the government.

Careful utilization of resources, so that, besides meeting the requirements of the present, they are also conserved for use by the future generation is called sustainable development.

(i) Charter Act : Charter Act 1813 or East India Company Act 1813 was passed by the British Parliament to renew the charter of British East India Company and continue the rule of the same in India.
(ii) Dual Government : Dual Government meant double government under which the executive powers and responsibility for collection of revenue were shared by two different authorities.

(i) No, because they provide the views of people who are in power.
(ii) They are usually biased and provide only an official view of an incident, which cannot be deemed to be right source of information with common man's point of view.

Use of dates in history is a must as dates provide a framework to present a historical event in sequence. Dates help in forming a sequential pattern of an incident under an appropriate timeline of events.

Calligraphists were experts in the art of beautiful handwriting. In the early years of the 19^th century, important documents were carefully copied and beautifully written by the Calligraphists.

During the British rule in India, people never enjoyed equality, freedom or liberty. During this period, Indian economy was exploited and channelized for the development of British economy. In history, this period of British rule has been termed as 'Colonial' by many historians.

Yes, some situations where laws (or rules) exist but people do not follow are the following
1. Zebra crossing for road crossing
2. Giving and taking of dowry
3. Employing children under 14 years' age
The problems in enforcement are:
1. Lack of adequate staff
2. Untrained staff
3. Irresponsible citizens
Some ways in which enforcement can be improved:
1. Strict punishments for breaking laws
2. Deployment of adequate number of staff for enforcing the laws.

Enforcement of safety laws is important in any factory for the security of its workers and people living near the factory. It is important for preventing serious disasters like Bhopal gas tragedy from happening

(i) The third son of Queen Victoria of Britain, Prince Arthur-the Duke of Connaught, seated on horseback, is depicted in this picture.
(ii) Old advertisements are important because they help us to understand how markets were created for new products at that time, and secondly, how new tastes were popularized among the people.
(iii) The advertisement of Lipton tea created in 1922 suggested that royalty all over the world consumed this tea.

Other than official records, biographies, memoirs, newspapers, autobiographies of prominent persons and records of travelers and pilgrims are other literary sources to know about the past events and history of a society.

Following are the points that should be kept in view or in mind while classifying history into three parts:
(i)There is no fixed date or proof as when the first period ended and the other period began.
(ii) Each period evolved gradually from the previous one.
(iii) In different continents, modern period began at different time. For example, modern period in Europe began in 15^th century, while in India, it began in 18^th century.

One can recognise nuclear attack or accident through common symptoms of radioactivity which are nausea, dizziness, vomiting, and disorientation, with no odor but a wave of heat.
A nuclear explosion is followed by a 'blast' with thick gaseous cloud cover and can cause instant blindness if viewed.
So, if a nuclear accident or attack occurs do not panic just close all doors and windows at times of explosions, do not go outside but stay indoors till further communication from the government comes.
It is noteworthy that radioactivity does not penetrate solid structure, but fire can cause damage to buildings and human life.

Man-made disasters are considered more devastating than natural disasters, A vast level of human suffering, loss of life and long-term damage to a nation's economy and productive capacity are the cost of man-made disasters. There are various examples of this devastation such as:
• The Bhopal gas Tragedy, on 3rd December 1984, in Madhya Pradesh was an industrial accident in which 2500 people died and about 300,000 suffered from agonizing injuries from the disastrous effects of the massive poisoning.
• Another example of man-made disaster is a nuclear attack on two cities in Japan, Hiroshima and Nagasaki, on 6th August 1945 and 9th August 1945 respectively. In Hiroshima, 66,000 people were killed and 69,000 injured and in Nagasaki, 39,000 persons were killed and 25,000 injured.

(i) Sitaram Pandey was a sepoy in the Bengal Native Army. He served the English for 48 years and retired in 1860.
(ii) He was persuaded by his Commanding Officer, Norgate, to write his memoirs.
(iii) The agents emphasised the treacherous behaviour of the foreigners against the Kings. Moreover, a number of lies and promises were invented to persuade the soldiers to rebel against the English in order to restore the Emperor of Delhi to the throne.

(i) The primary occupation of the Santhals is agriculture, though food gathering and hunting are their important subsidiary occupations. They also engage in fishing and making musical instruments, mats, and baskets from plants.
(ii) The Santhals were unhappy due to the following reasons:
(a) Under the British rule, the familiar ways of life of the Santhals seemed to be disappearing. There was greater mobility of the non-tribals in the tribal community.
(b) Under British rule, a number of Anglican and Catholic missions appeared, which were considered as a threat to their religion.
(c) The moneylenders and the zamindars that first appeared to them as mere businessmen gave them loans, cheated them and turned them into slaves; thus, they threatened their livelihoods