Mechanism of thunderstorm or the story of lightning:
During the development of a thunderstorm, the air current moves upwards, while the water droplets move downwards. These vigorous movements can cause separation of charges. By a process, the positive charges collect near the upper edges of the clouds and the negative charges accumulate near the lower edges. There is accumulation of the charges near the ground also. When the magnitude of accumulated charges becomes very large, negative and positive charges meet. It produces streaks of light and sound. This process is called electric discharge.

Protections against earthquake :
Earthquakes cannot be predicted. They can be highly destructive. It is, therefore, important that we take necessary precautions to protect ourselves all the time. It is advisable to make the structure 'Quake Safe'.
(i) Consult qualified architects and structural engineers.
(ii) In highly seismic area, the use of mud and timber is better. They keep roofs light.
(iii) Fix shelves and cupboards to the walls.
(iv)Be careful where you hang wall clocks, photo frames, water heaters etc.
(v) Building can catch fire during earthquake. So all buildings must have fire fighting equipments in working order.
In the event that an earthquake does strike, take the following steps to protect yourself.
At home: Take shelter under a table, stay away from tall and heavy objects and if you are in bed, do not get up. Protect your head with a pillow.
Outdoors: Find a clean spot, away from buildings, trees, and overhead power lines. Drop to ground. If you are in car or bus do not come out.

1. Seismograph,
2. Richter,
3. Earthquake,
4. Conduction.

As we know that earthquakes are usually caused by the movement of plates on the outer layer of earth. So, the regions which fall on the boundaries of these plates are called danger zones. In India, the most dangerous zones which are prone to earthquakes are Kashmir, western and central himalays, the whole of North-East, Rann of Kutch, Rajasthan and the Indo-Gangetic planes.

Since ebonite rod acquires charge when rubbed. So, the Charge transfer will be either too less or there will be no transfer of charges, so the strips of aluminium will not be wider and we are not able to predict the object whether it is charged or not.

(a) A sudden shaking of the earth which last for very short time is called an earthquake.
(b) Quake-resist building means that the buildings should be constructed in such a way so that it can withstand for more time even on shaking the earth.
(c) Since the viscous force of water resists the oscillation or vibration of building caused by shaking of the earth and ultimately reduces the shaking in building with hose.
(d) They use applications of science and technology and more curious with the methods.

(a) In the clouds, accumulation of charges causes, lightning.
(b) As we know that the top end of stretched umbrella is a metal part. Since, the metal is a good conductor of electricity, so if lightning strikes to the ground, then it can take the path towards umbrella. Therefore, to avoid herself from danger, Priya folded the umbrella and went to a closed building.
(c) The immediate response and the scientific method is opted by Priya here.

Precautions during lightning while we are outside are as follows:
(i) Do not stand underneath a natural lightning rod such as a tall and isolated tree.
(ii) Stand away from any fountain or any waterbody.
(iii) Get away from tractors and other metal equipment like wire fences, metal pipes, rails and another metallic path.

It is not safer to use wired telephone during lightning because at that time lightning can enter the wire of telephone, if open somewhere, that is if there is any cut in the wire. On the other hand, there cannot be any possibility of this type in wireless telephone.

Clouds having water droplets, coming from different directions, strike each other and due to striking, a friction force is created when they rub each other and during rubbing, the charges appear on clouds (static charges).
They grow up due to continuous charging and finally discharge when any moisture place is found on the earth because they get the path due to this place.