(i) Before the advent of printing press, documents were written by hand, this was time consuming and when the printing press arrived, the speed of work improved.
(ii) Newspapers were published and the issues in them were debated upon by the common people.
(iii) The reformers and leaders were able to convey their ideas to masses in short time.
(iv) Poets and novelists were also able to express their thoughts. Thus, printing presses helped in spreading news and information in a more effective way.

Following are the points that should be kept in view or in mind while classifying history into three parts:
(i)There is no fixed date or proof as when the first period ended and the other period began.
(ii) Each period evolved gradually from the previous one.
(iii) In different continents, modern period began at different time. For example, modern period in Europe began in 15^th century, while in India, it began in 18^th century.

 The effect of colonisation on India are as follows:
(i) The British came to our country and established their rule, subjugating local nawabs and rajas.
(ii) The British established control over the economy and society, collected revenue to meet all their expenses, bought the goods they wanted at low prices, produced crops they needed for export.
(iii) The British rule brought about the changes in values and tastes, customer and practices. It brought about the changes in the political, economic, social and cultural sphere.

James Rennel was asked by Robert Clive to produce maps of Hindustan. Rennel was an enthusiastic supporter of British colonialism. He saw the preparation of maps as essential to the process of domination. Thus, he produced the first map of India in 1782.

We periodise a time in order to characterize it into different periods on the basis of some significant events that have happened during those days. These demarcations of time into different periods in the past is known as 'periodization', which become important for history as they help to reflect our ideas quickly about the happenings and changes from one period to the next.

This advertisement was published in 1922.

In his book, 'A History of British India', James Mill divided Indian history into three periods-. Hindu, Muslim, and British. He thought that all Asian societies were at a lower level of civilisation than Europe. Mill pointed out that before the British came to India, Hindu and Muslim despots ruled India. At that time, some factors like religious intolerance, caste taboos, and superstitious practices dominated India's social life. Mill felt that only British rule could save the Indians from the darkness. Thus, he advocated the theory of expanding colonisation, i.e. the British should conquer all the territories in India to ensure enlightenment and happiness for Indians. He strongly believed that India can be capable of progress only with the help of the British. In this way, he justified the British rule in India. 

(i) No, because they provide the views of people who are in power.
(ii) They are usually biased and provide only an official view of an incident, which cannot be deemed to be right source of information with common man's point of view.

Calligraphists were experts in the art of beautiful handwriting. In the early years of the 19^th century, important documents were carefully copied and beautifully written by the Calligraphists.

(i) The conclusions that are reached by scholars and historians after carefully examining and studying the original source such as official documents, newspapers, magazines and original documents are known as Secondary Sources of History.
(ii) The secondary sources of history provide us valuable information about the famous personalities and the contemporary societies and policies.

It means re-birth and refers to European history from 14^th to 16^th century when there was revival of art, learning and culture

The system of rigid allegiance, devotion and loyalty towards one's nation is known as Nationalism