Proto Alegre is a city in Brazil. The water supply condition in this city is excellent. The average price of water is very low, so it is easily accessible by all The poor people are charged half the basic rate. The profits is used to improve the water supply.

Provision of facilities for the safe disposal of human urine and faeces is known as sanitation. It is done by construction of toilets and pipes to carry the sewerage and treatment of waste water.

(i) Anna Nagar area looks lush and green because lawns are maintained by generous spraying of water.
(ii) Bungalows, at this place, have tap water for major part of the day. The days when water supply is inadequate, Mr Ramagopal (Senior government official) who looks into the welfare of the Anna Nagar, speaks to a senior official in the municipal water board to arrange a water tanker for the area.

The scarcity of water made way for private companies to make profit. Private suppliers supply water to the cities through buying the right to harness water from around the places. These companies maintain water supply for Chennai and nearby cities through a fleet of 13000 tankers. For this purpose, every month, they pay farmers and get permission to exploit water sources in their land.

The Indian Constitution guarantees the Right to Education for all children between the ages of 6-14 years. According to this Right, schooling facilities are available to all children impartially.
According to report on education, schooling in India continues to be highly uneven.

The private companies perform their activities to get profit from their investment. By providing public facilities to common man, private companies will not get any profit.

Andhra Pradesh High Court had given its verdict on PIL by a citizen of Mahbubnagar.
In its decision, the court directed the district collector of Mahbubnagar to supply 25 liters of water to every villager.

The UN statement regarding water is that- "right to water entitles everyone to sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible and affordable water for personal and domestic use".

(i) The Constitution of India recognized the right to water as being right to life as a part under Article 2l.
(ii) This means that it is the right of every person, whether rich or poor to have sufficient amount of water to fulfill daily needs at a price they can afford.
(iii) There should be "Universal access" to water.

Primary requirements like food, water, shelter, sanitation, healthcare, education, etc. which are necessary for survival are referred to as public facilities. The important characteristic of public facilities is that the benefits provided by public facilities can be shared by many people. For example, a school in a village will enable many children to get education.

This is because private companies work for profit and not for public welfare. They provide water supply at a price which only some people can afford. This leads to huge protests by the people thereby forcing the government to take back the service from private companies. This is why, there are so few cases of private water supply in the world.

Women and girls require access to private sanitation facilities. Lack of this compels them to travel long distances. This is neither safe nor healthy for women and girls.

Sanitation facilities are counted as facilities of basic necessity. Lack of sanitation affects the health of the people. It causes poor health and consequent lack of efficiency.

Yes, it is important to conserve resources like water and electricity and use more public transport.

This section dealt with the successful example of public water supply in Brazil and the unsuccessful example of the same in Bolivia by a private company. It also talks about the improved water supply in Mumbai and Hyderabad. Besides, in Chennai, the department concerned with water supply has taken several initiatives for harvesting rainwater to increase the level of groundwater. Various steps like rainwater harvesting, afforestation and repairing of water pipes can be taken to improve water supply.