(i) Lawyers Collective is one of the leading public interest service providers in India with a record of setting high standards in human rights advocacy, legal aid and litigation.
(ii) The Lawyers Collective was formed with the specific aim of providing expert legal assistance to the underprivileged community and meeting unmet needs of victims of undeserved waiting.
(iii) It took up cases of pavement dwellers and slum dwellers, hawkers and women in distress. In 1999, they took the lead in drafting the Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Bill.This draft bill was widely circulated.

(i) In ancient India, there were innumerable and often overlapping local laws.
(ii) Different communities enjoyed different degrees of autonomy in administering these laws themselves.
(iii) In some cases, the punishment that two persons received for the same crime varied, depending on their caste background, with lower caste being more harshly penalized.

People can criticize unpopular laws by holding public meetings, and write about them in newspapers, report to TV news channels. In this way, citizens can express their unwillingness to accept repressive laws framed by the Parliament.

The law on domestic violence got passed after going through the following successive stages. These are: 
(i) Complaints by victims of domestic violence. With more and more complaints, the need for a new law felt.
(ii) Need for a new civil law to address the issue of domestic violence raised at different public forums.
(iii) In December 2002, the Parliamentary Standing Committee, which had accepted most of the demands of the women's groups, submitted its recommendations to the two Houses of Parliament.
(iv) Reintroduction of the amended Bill. Passage of Bill by both Houses of Parliament. Assent of President to the Bill. Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act comes into effect in 2006.

Rule of law means that every citizen of the land shall be governed by the same set of laws and there shall not be any discrimination on the basis of religion, caste, class, gender. Any person violating the law of the land shall be dealt with according to the process laid out by the law. An example of violation of the rule of law is A rich person bribing officials to escape punishment for his crime.

More and more people were made aware of the need for this law through the process of public discussions.

The role of people does not end with electing a political representative to the Parliament but only begins there. They read newspapers and use the media to examine the work done by the representatives.
If they disapprove of any of their actions, they can voice their criticism. In fact, it rs the extent of involvement and participation of the people that helps Parliament perform its functions and uphold rule of law in the country.

Indian nationalists protested and criticised the arbitrary use of authority by the British
They began fighting for greater equality and establishment of rule of law
They also used the legal platform to defend legal rights of Indians. With the end of British rule, they included several provisions in the Constitution of India to uphold the rule of law in independent India. Thus, the Indian nationalists played an important role in establishing rule of law.

The Jallianwala Bagh incident happened on 13th April 1919. On this day the British General Dyer ordered firing on innocent people who had gathered to protest peacefully against the arrest of two nationalist leaders, Dr Satyapal and Dr Saifuddin Kitchlew.

There was no rule of law during British rule. The rules made during British period were arbitrary they were not made keeping the interests of Indians in mind. Indians were made bound to follow these rules but they had no role in the making of these laws

The members of the Constituent Assembly had fought for independence from British rule primarily because of its arbitrary rules.
They were made to obey rules which were harsh repressive and they had no role in the making of That is why, when they sat in the Constituent.Assembly to make the Constitution of India, they decided that there should be no such arbitrary exercise of power in independent India. For this, they favoured the establishment of rule of law in independent India.

Two reasons why historians refute the claim that the British introduced the rule of law in India are:
(i) The laws under British rule were arbitrary. The rulers could use those laws any way they wanted to arrest Indians without trial. 
(ii) The Indian nationalists played an important role in the development of rule oflaw as they protested against unjust laws.

Domestic violence refers to the injury, harm or threat of injury or harm caused by an adult male, usually the husband, against his wife. Injury may be caused by physically beating up the woman or by emotionally abusing her. Abuse of the woman includes verbal, sexual and economic abuse. Two rights that the new law of Protection of Women .from Domestic Violence Act 2005 helped achieve for women survivors of violence are: 
(i) right of women to live in a shared household with protection against violence.
(ii) right of women who have survived domestic violence to receive monetary relief on order to meet their expenses including medical costs.

The Sedition Act of 1870 was arbitrary because the definition of sedition was very broad and according to it, the British could arrest and detain any person they wanted. The Sedition Act of  1870 contradicted the rule of law because there was no scope for holding a proper trial to adjudge whether a person was indeed guilty of the offence he had been convicted for or not. The Act permitted arresting Indians without due trial if they protested or criticised the British

No, the government official's actions were not right. He misused his power to protect a criminal from the law. The government official's son his father is economically and politically powerful. Everyone is equal before law irrespective of his/her social and economic status.