powerful ryots did not cultivate, but instead gave out their lands to others (the under-tenants), taking from them very high rents.
In 1806, HT Colebrook described the conditions of these under-tenants in Bengal: The under-tenants, depressed by an excessive rent in kind, and by usurious returns for the cattle, seed, and subsistence, advanced to them, can never extricate themselves from debt.
In so abject a state, they cannot labour in spirit, while they earn a scanty subsistence without hope of bettering their situation.
Srikalahasti style and Machilipatnam style. 'Kalam' or pen is used for drawing of the subject in this art form.

(i) The Slave Revolt in St Domingue in August 1791 is shown in the above picture.
(ii) In the 18th century, French planters produced indigo and sugar in the French colony of St Domingue in the Caribbean islands.
(iii) The African slaves who worked on the plantations rose in rebellion in 1791. They killed 4000 Whites and burned and destroyed 180 sugar plantations and hundreds of coffee and indigo plantations.
(iv) The other name of the Slave Revolt is Haitian Revolt.
(v) In 1792, France abolished slavery in the French colonies.
These events led to the collapse of the indigo plantations on the Caribbean islands. By 1792, slave rebels controlled one-third of the island. The success of this slave rebellion caused the newly elected Legislative Assembly in France to grant civil and political rights to free men in the colonies.

Life in Tea plantations of Assam:
Estate owners and Workers
(a) Wages
(b) Habitation
(c) Facilities Problems

The two problems with the new Munro system of.fixing revenue, are as follows:
(i) Driven by the desire to increase the income from land, revenue officials fixed a very high revenue demand which peasants were unable to pay.
(ii) It was believed that the new system would transform the peasants into rich farmers, but it failed to happen.

Colebrook is concerned with the conditions of the under-ryots or under-tenants in Bengal. These depressing conditions are due to some social economic reasons which are as follows:
In 1765, the British East India Company got the Diwani of Bengal.
The Company was only interested to collect a large amount of revenue with which it could purchase fine cotton and silk from India. 
Artisans were paid very low prices, so they fled from villages.
Agricultural production collapsed, the under-ryots could not pay the high rate of revenues.
About one-third population of Bengal was wiped out in famine of 1770.
The Permanent Settlement (1793) fixed a high rate of revenue which was not changeable in any condition. 
Zamindars had no interest in improving the conditions of land .