The Meiji regime initiated c series of me, u "to industrialize Japan.
He encouraged the growth of industries:
(i) It imported the most advanced technology from the Western countries. Many foreign experts were brought to train professionals in Japan.
(ii) It introduced postal services, telegraph, railways and steam-powered shipping.
(iii) Industrialists were provided loans to start new investments and business by the government banks. The government started many large factories and then sold them off at cheap rates to businessmen

(i) The Indian textile industry could not compete with the cheap textiles which were imported from Britain into Indian markets
(ii) In many other countries, governments supported the industrialization process by imposing heavy taxes on the imported goods to eliminate competition with local markets, but colonial government in India did not put any check on imported goods.
(iii)The cotton Industry in India got a slight relief during the FirstWorld War that affected the imports from Britain and the Indian factories were asked to produce cloth for military suppliers.

(i) The Handloom weaving did not completely die in India, despite the decline of Indian textiles, because the machine made cloths did not have the features of  handloom weaving. For example, machines caul not produce saris with intricate borders or clothes with traditional woven patterns.
(ii) Cloths with traditional patterns had great demand in the rich and the middle classes.
(iii) They could not produce very coarse cloths used by the poor people in India. All these factors sustained the handloom weaving in India.

(i) Chintz, Cossaes (Khassa) and Bandanna were the most popular printed cotton cloths with many floral designs and fine texture at that time.
(ii) From 1680s,the printed cotton cloths became very popular among the people of England and Europe. Rich people of England including the Queen wore clothes made of Indian fabric.
(iii) Other clothes that were popular in Europe were the varieties of Kazimbazar, Patna, Calcutta, Orissa and Charpoore clothes

(i) Tipu Sultan ruled upon Mysore ti111799,fought tour wars with the British and died fighting with his sword in his hand.
(ii) The sword had an incredibly hard and sharp edge that could easily rip through the opponents' armour.
(iii) This quality of sword came from a special type of high carbon steel called Wootz which was produced all over South India. Wootz steel, when molded into swords, produces a very sharp edge with a flowing water pattern.

The class teacher may help the students locate the centres on the map in the class.

(i) By the time TISCO was set up, the situation was changing
(ii) In 1914,the First World War broke out.
(iii) Steel produced in Britain now had to meet the demands of war in Europe.
(iv) So, imports of British steel into India declined dramatically and the Indian Railways turned to TISCO for supply of rails.
(v)The war dragged on for several years.
(vi) By1919,the colonial government was buying 90per cent of the steel manufactured by TISCO.
(vii) Over the time, TISCO became the biggest steel industry within the British Empire

We, as spinners are suffering a great deal in want of food and cloth. Thousands of us are rendered homeless and jobless as our weavers cannot compete with the fine English cloth. No one buys Indian goods, neither do we receive advances from company so that we could support our families. We are weavers, so we do not know any other business. We request the government to adopt a kind attitude towards our pathetic condition. We are finding it difficult to adjust ourselves in this situation."

The Agarias are a community of iron smelters They also call themselves Lohar (or blacksmith from the word loha, meaning iron) and believe that their caste has existed from the beginning of the world. They mainly live in the Northern and Central states of India-Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Bihar and Jharkhand. In the late 19th century, a series of famines devastated the dry tracts of India.

History of handloom weaving:
1. The spinning of the thread by.
2. Weaving by Julahas in the village.
3. Sale of the fabric in the local market.
4. Looms were set-up.
5. Fabric woven for local, national and international markets.
6. Powerlooms.

In the early years of its development the Indian textile industry faced several problems:
(i) The Indian textile industry found it difficult to compete with the cheap textiles imported from Britain, as it was in its infancy.
(ii) Unlike other countries where governments allowed local industries to grow by imposing heavy duties on imports, the British colonial government in India did not protect or support the local textile industries in any way.

The word 'bandanna' refers to any brightly coloured and printed scarf for the neck or head. The term is derived from the word 'bandhna' (Hindi for tying), which was a variety of brightly coloured cloth produced through the process of tying and dyeing.

Jamdani is fine muslin on which decorative motifs are woven on the loom, typically in grey and white. Often a mixture of cotton and gold thread is used.

The Portuguese first landed in Cali cut on the Kerala coast in South-West India. The cotton textile they took back to Europe came to be called 'calico', later calico became the general name for all cotton textiles.
By the early l Sth century, worried by the popularity of Indian textiles, wool and silk makers in England began protesting against the import of Indian cotton textiles.
In 1720, the British Government banned the use of printed cotton textiles (chintz) in England. This Act was called the Calico Act because it banned the import, use and wearing of printed calico in England. The name of the Act tells us that it wants to ban printed cotton textile, i.e. chintz India in England.