(i) Here, we have 2 types of car with 5 different colors and 3 models in each color.

Total number of different way to buy a new car by Madhan = 2 x 5 x 3 = 30. (You can also find the number of ways from the figure shown above).
(ii) If the white colour is not available in Type 2, then..

For Type 1, we have 5 colors and 3 models and hence there are 5 x 3 = 15 choices.
For Type 2, we have only 4 colors and 3 models and hence there are 4 x 3 = 12 choices.
Therefore, the total number of different ways 15 + 12 = 27 ways.
The above example illustrates both the addition and multiplication principles.

(i) To elect a leader
In class VIII, a math club has four members namely M, A, T, and H,
Therefore, there are 4 different ways by which they can be elected a leader.
(ii) To elect a leader and an assistant leader
In Figure, the red shaded boxes show that same member comes twice. As one person cannot have two leadership. Therefore, the red shaded boxes cannot be counted. There are only 12 different ways (either shown in yellow boxes or green boxes) to choose a leader and an assistant leader for a math club.

The teacher can select one of them in any one of the following ways.
The first way of selecting a boy among 11 boys can be done in 11 ways and the second way of selecting a girl among 6 girls can be done in 6 ways.
Therefore, the teacher can make the selection of either a boy or a girl in 17
(11 + 6) in different ways.

There are 6 different outcomes, namely 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. All the 6 outcomes cannot occur simultaneously. Hence, there are 6 different possible outcomes in rolling a die.

There are 2 different outcomes in tossing a coin namely a Head and a Tail. Both events cannot occur simultaneously.