Razzia sultana, Queen Durgavati, Chand bibi, Nurjahan, Jahan nara, Jijabai and Mira bai were the notable women during the medieval period.

Article 21A provides the state shall provide free and compulsory education to all children aged six to fourteen years.

Article 25(1) - Guarantees the freedom of conscience and the right to profess, practice and propagate religion individually
Article 27 - The state shall not compel any citizen to pay any taxes for the promotion of any particular religion.
Article 28 - On religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institution.

i) The concept of secularism evolved in India as equal treatment of all religions.
ii) We need secular state to maintain peace and harmony between people of various religious indeologies
iii) It is a part of democracy which grants equal rights

Landslides are very common at foothill areas. So, we should not construct houses at the foothill areas.

North Northeast one : Gangetic plains covering the states of Punjab Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, North Bihar, West Bengal and Brahmaputra valley are the major flood prone areas of our country.
Other Regions : Coastal Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Southern Gujarat

Hands are classified into 2 types
i) Based on their causes of occurrence
ii) Based on their origin.

i) The causes operate under this category are natural ones. They include volcanic eruption mankind changed considerably
ii) They almost left the nomadic life and started to live in permanent settlements.
iii) People continued to move from one region to another in search of fertile land for cultivation
Ex: earthquake, flood, drought, etc.

Migration is defined as the permanent semi permanent change of residence of an individual or group of people over a significant distance.

1. The Confederation of Indian Industry is a business association in India.
2. CII is a non Government, not-for-profit, industry - led and industry - managed organisation.
3. If was founded in 1985.
4. If has over 9,000 members from the private as well as public sectors, including small and medium enterprises and multinational corporations.

Dadabai Naoroji was the first to acknowledge that the poverty of the Indian people was due to the British exploitation of India's resources and the drain of India's wealth to Britain.

1. Rajaraja Chaturvedimangalam was the famous seat of a Vedic college.
2. At Tirubuvanai a Vedic College flourished.
3. The Tiruvidaikkalai inscription mentions a library.
4. Tiruvaduthurai inscription of Viravajendra refers to a medical school.

The most notable universities that emerged during that period were situated at Taxila, Nalanda, Valabhi, Vikramshila, Odantapuri and Jagaddala.

Commercial and Co-operative banks.

i) Natural Citizens: They are the citizens by birth
ii) Naturalised citizens: They are the one who acquires citizenship.

i) The Governor appoints the leader of the majority party in the State Legislative Assembly as the Chief Minister
ii) The Chief Minister is the head of the State council of Ministers.
iii) The Chief Minister remains in office as long as he gets support of the majority members of the Legislative Assembly
iv) The maximum period of his post is 5 years.

The two houses of the State Legislative Assembly are:
State Legislative Council (Upper House)
State Legislative Assembly (Lower House).

1. Marudu Pandyas issued a proclamation of Independence called Trichirappalli Proclamation in June 1801.
2. This proclamation was the first call to Indians to unite against the British.
3. A copy of the proclamation was pasted on the walls of the Nawab's Palace in the fort Tiruchi and another copy was placed on the walls of the Vaishnava Temple at Srirangam.
4. Thus Marudu brothers spread the spirit of opposition against the English every where.
5. As a result, many Palayakkarars of Tamilnadu went on a rally to fight against the English.

1. Velu Nachiyar was the Queen of Sivagangai.
2. After killing her husband Muthu Vaduganathar in the battle. Velu Nachiyar lived under the protection of Gopala Nayakar at Virupachi near Dindigul.
3. She arranged a sucide attack by a faithful follower commander Kuyili.
4. She was crowned us queen with the help of Marudu brothers

1. The European indigo planters compelled the tenant farmers to grow indigo at terms highly disadvantageous to the farmers.
2. The tenant farmer was forced to sell it cheap to the planter and accepted advances from the planter that benefitted the latter.
3. There were also cases of kidnapping, looting, flogging and burning.

Revenue settlement was done directly with the ryots. Measurement of field and an estimate of produce was calculated. Government fixed the demand at 45 to 55 percent of the produce.

1. The company gained a huge amount of wealth from the treasury of Bengal and used it to strengthen its military force.
2. The beginning of the British political sway over India may be traced from the Battle of Plassey.
3. It was the most decisive battle that marked the initiation of British rule in India for the next two centuries.

1. Surat
2. Agra
3. Ahmadabad
4. Broach
5. Masulipatnam
6. Chennai
7. Bombay
8. Calcutta
9. Hooghly
10. Salsette

1. Among the entire European nations Portugal was the foremost to make a dynamic attempt to discover a sea route to India.
2. Prince Henry of Portugal encouraged his countrymen to take up the adventurous life of exploring the unknown regions of the world.
3. So, he is commonly known as the "Navigator".

1. Archives is the place where historical documents are preserved.
2. The National Archives of india is located in New Delhi.
3. It has main source of information for understanding past administrative machinery as well as a guide to the present and future generations related to all matters.
4. It contains authentic evidence for knowing the political, social, economic, cultural and scientific life and activities of the people of India.