b) The peasants were bound lay were to grow indigo on 3/10 part of their land.

(b) Dinabandhu Mitra wrote a drama called Nil Darban.

1. The European planters of Champaran in Bihar resorted to illegal and inhuman methods of indigo cultivation at a cost which was wholly unjust.
2. Mahatma Gandhi took up their cause. The Government appointed an enquiry commission of which Mahatma Gandhi was a member
3. The grievances of the peasants were enquired and ultimately the Champaran Agrarian Act was passed in May 1918.

i) The Lambardar misused privileges for their self-interest.
ii) This system brought no benefit to the cultivators.
iii) It was a modified version of the Zamindari system and benefited the upper class in villages.

1. The Zamindars were recognised as the owners of land as long as they paid the revenue to the East India Company regularly.
2. The Zamindars acted as the agent of the Government for the collection of revenue from the cultivators.

i) Peasants of the Punjab could not pay debts to the urban money lenders.
ii) They agitated to prevent the rapid alienation of their lands to the urban moneylenders.
iii) The British government did not like their protest in that province which provided large number of soldiers.
iv) In order to protect the peasants of the Punjab the Punjab land Alternation Act was passed in 1900" as an experimental measure" to be extended to the rest of India if it worked successfully in the Punjab.
v) The act divided the people of Punjab into three categories viz.., the agricultured classes, the statutory agriculturist class and rest of the population including the moneylenders.

1. The poor peasants are exploited by Zamindars, Money lenders and Lawyers.
2. Indian cottage industries are destroyed by the import of British goods.
3. The old agricultural methods are wiped out due to new agricultural strategies.
4. The Zamindars exploited the labour of peaseants.
5. The lands are hijacked through money lenders by using the ignorance of people.
6. Indigo planters compelled the tenant farmers to grow indigo at terms highly disadvantageous to the farmers.
7. The tenant farmers was forced to sell it cheap to the planter.
8. Farmers expelled from the land often claim that fake reasons are failed to pay rent.
9. Hijacked the land and sale it lease.

Cause:
The Muslim Moplah (or Moplah) peasants of Malabar (Kerala) was suppressed and exploited by the Hindu zamindars (Jenmis) and British government. This was the main cause of this revolt.
Malabar conference:
The Moplah peasants got momentum from the Malabar District Conference, held in April 1920. This conference supported the tenants cause, and demanded legislations for regulating landlord-tenant relations.
Rebellion:
In 1921, the Moplah tenants rebelled against the oppressive zamindars. In the initial phase of the rebellion, the Moplah peasants attacked the police stations, public offices, communications and houses of oppressive landlords and moneylenders.
Impacts:
The government ruthlessly suppressed the Moplah rebellion. As a result of government intervention, 2337 Moplah rebels were killed. 1650 were wounded and more than 45,000 captured as prisoners.

Merits:
i) Many of the waste lands and forests became cultivable lands permanent settlement system.
ii) The Zamindars became the owners of the land.
iii) The Zamindars were made free from the responsibility of providing justice.
iv) The Zamindars remained faithful to the British Government.
v) This system secured a fixed and stable income for the British Government.
Demerits:
i) The British Government had no direct contact with the cultivators.
ii) The rights of the cultivators were ignored and they were left at the mercy of the Zamindars.
iii) The Peasants were almost treated as selfs.
iv) This system was made the Zamindars lethargic and luxurious.
v) Many conflicts between the Zamindars and the Peasants arose in rural Bengal.

i) Zamindari
ii) Jagirdari
iii) Maliguzari
iv) Biswedari