(i) Reduce tropical deforestation and its associated global warming emissions. Plant more frees
(ii) Reduce waste by choosing reusable products instead of disposables. Recycle paper plastic, glass and aluminium cans.
(iii) Expand the use of renewable energy and transform our energy system to one that is cleaner and less dependent on coal and other fossil fuels
(iv) Increase vehicle fuel efficiency and support other solutions that reduce U.S oil use.
(v) Build a clean energy economy by investing in efficient energy technologies, industries and approaches.
(vi) Use energy-efficient lights, heating, ventilation, A.C. set them to energy conservation levels.

i) Black money is money earned through any illegal activity controlled by court regulations.
ii) The.moneywhich is not paid to the government

The word money is derived from the Roman word "Moneta Juno".

i) Natural Citizens: They are the citizens by birth
ii) Naturalised citizens: They are the one who acquires citizenship.

i) The Governor appoints the leader of the majority party in the State Legislative Assembly as the Chief Minister
ii) The Chief Minister is the head of the State council of Ministers.
iii) The Chief Minister remains in office as long as he gets support of the majority members of the Legislative Assembly
iv) The maximum period of his post is 5 years.

1. Mir Jafar ascended the throne after the Battle of Plassey and failed to accept the demand of British
2. Mir Jafar the Nawab of Bengal however fell into arrears and was forced to abdicate in favour of his son in law, Mir Qasim.
3. Mir Qasim soon revolted as he was angry with the British for misusing the destakes (free duty passes).
4. However, having been defeated by the British, he fled to Awadh, where he formed a confederacy with Shuja-ud-daulah and ShahAlam.

1. Pulicat
2. Surat
3. Chinsura
4. Kasim bazar
5. Patna
6. Nagapatnam
7. Balasore
8. Cochin

A barter system is an old method of exchange. This system has been used for centuries and long before money was invented. People exchanged services and goods in return.
Disadvantages: 
i) Lack of double coincidence of wants.
ii) Common measure of value.
iii) Indivisibility of commodities.
iv) difficulties of storing wealth.

According to the mode of formation the rocks are classified into three as follows
1. Igneous Rocks
2. Sedimentary Rocks
3. Metamorphic Rocks
Igneous Rocks:
1. The igneous rocks are formed by the solidification of molten magma.
2. These rocks are also called as the 'Primary Rocks' or 'Parent Rocks' as all other rocks are formed from these rocks.
3. Igneous rocks are of two types. They are
Extrusive Igneous Rocks.
Intrusive Igneous Rocks.
Sedimentary Rocks:
1. The sedimentary rocks are formed by the sediments derived and deposited by various agents.
2.Due to high temperature and pressure, the undistrubed sediments of long period cements to form sedimentary rocks.
3. These rocks consist of many layers which were formed by the sediments deposited at different periods. As it consists of many strata, it is also known as 'stratified rocks.
4. The three types of sedimentary rocks are
i) Organic Sedimentary Rocks
ii) Mechanical Sedimentary Rocks
iii) Chemical Sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic Rocks:
When Igneous and sedimentary rocks are subjected to high temperature and pressure, the original rocks get altered to form a new kind of rock called metamorphic rocks.
Metamorphism is of two types
1. Thermal Metamorphism
2. Dynamic Metamorphism

Vasco da Gama:
(i) Vasco da Gama came to India in 1501 with 20 ships and founded a trading centre at Cannanore.
(ii) Then he established factories at Calicut and Cochin
Francisco de Almeida:
(i) In 1505, Francisco de Almeida was the first Governor for the Portuguese possessions in India.
(ii) He had the aim of developing the naval power of the Portuguese in India.
(iii) He followed the policy was known as the "Blue Water Policy".
(iv) He defeated the combined Muslim fleet in a naval battle near Diu.
Alfonso de Albuquerque:
(i) The real founder of the Portuguese power in India was Alfonso de Albuquerque.
(ii) He captured Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur in November 1510.
(iii) He established the Portuguese authority over Ormuz in Persian Gulf in 1515.
Nino de Cunha:
(i) Nino de Cunha moved capital from Cochin to Goa in 1530. In 1534, he acquired Bassein from Bahadur Shah of Gujarat
(ii) In 1537, he occupied Diu. Later, they wrested Daman from the local chiefs of Gujarat.
(iii) In 1548, they occupied Salsette.
(iv) Thus during the 16th century, Portuguese succeeded in capturing Goa, Daman, Diu, Salsette, Bassein, Chaul and Bombay on the western coast.
(v) He succeeded in acquiring Hooghly on the Bengal coast and San Thome on the Madras coast.

1. Weather is the day today conditions of the atmosphere at any place as regards sunshine, temperature, cloud cover, Wind fog condition, air pressure, humidity, precipitation and such other elements.
2. It refers to short periods like a day, a week, a month or a little longer.
3. Weather changes from time to time in a day and one period to the other in a year.
4. The weather is cool in winter and hot in summer.