Hari, son of a farmer, after studying from Agricultural University, has become a research scientist and undertakes work for developing hybrid oil seeds. Analyse the information to know the sector in which he has shifted from past to present.

The problem of similar wants made exchange difficult, so a new medium of exchange was developed known as

process of globalisation and choose the correct options:
I. Government reduces trade barriers.
II. Government reduces competition among producers.
III. Government redyces import and export taxes.
IV. Government removes restrictions on foreign investment.

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.
Tax on imports is an example of trade barrier, It is called a barrier because some restriction has been set up. Governments can use trade barriers to increase or decrease (regulate) foreign trade and to decide what kinds of goods and how much of each, should come into the country. The Indian government, after Independence, had put barriers to foreign trade and foreign investment. This was considered necessary to protect the producers within the country from foreign competition. lndustries were just coming up in the 1950s and 196Os, and competition from imports at that stage would not have allowed these industries to come up. Thus, India allowed imports of only essential items such as machinery, fertilisers, petroleum etc. Note that all developed countries, during the early stages of development, have given protection, to domestic producers through a variety of means.
(i) Which of the following is true regarding trade barriers?
(a)Trade barriers encourage unrestricted to reign trade for all types of goods
(b) Governments implement trade barriers to regulate the inflow and outflow of goods in a country.
(c) Trade barriers are solely intended to promote to reign competition within a nation.
(d)Trade barriers are primarily established to hinder domestic production.
(ii) Why did the Indian government impose barriers to foreign trade and investment after Independence?
(a) To encourage unrestricted competition from foreign markets for local producers.
(b) To safeguard domestic producers from foreign competition during the initial stages of industrial growth.
(c) To limit the production of essential items such as machinery, fertilisers, and petroleum.
(d)To establish trade agreements with developed countries for essential imports.
(iii) What was the primary reason India restricted imports to only essential items like machinery, fertilisers, and petroleum during the 1950: and 1960s?
(a) To promote unrestricted growth of industries within the country.
(b) To prevent any foreign goods from entering the Indian market.
(c) To allow ample space for competition among domestic industries
(d) To facilitate the development of nascent industries without foreign competition.
(iv) What was the general approach adopted by most developed countries during their early stages of development concerning domestic producers and foreign competition?
(a) Providing no protection to domestic producers to encourage global competitiveness.
(b) Employing trade barriers to eliminate foreign competition completely.
(c) Offering complete access to their markets for foreign goods.
(d) Granting protection to domestic producers through various means during initial developmental stages.

Assertion (A) The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) aimed to provide employment opportunities in rural areas.
Reason (R) The Act guarantees a certain number of days of wage employment to households in rural regions and issues job cards for this purpose.
Codes
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true

Assertion (A) Per Capita Income alone does serve as an accurate measure to evaluate the holistic development ofa nation.
Reason (R) Other factors such as literacy rates, healthcare facilities, and social indicators significantly influence a country's overal development.
CODES:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true

Explain any four different indicators of economic development of different nations/states.
Or
What is Human Development. Explain its indicators.

Seema wants to open a small flower shop near the village temple for which she needs 35000. Briefly explain which is the best credit source for her and why?

"Loans from banks always help to raise people's earning capacity." Justify this statement using suitable examples.

In your opinion, is globalisation fair? Give reasons in support of your answer. Can you suggest some measures to make globalisation just and fair? State measures.