Which region is known for forming deltas before meeting the sea?

Elections in India are held after every

Which of the following are functions of the government?
I. Delivering education
II. Organising sports events in schools
IlI. Ensuring national security
IV. Setting up markets for farmers

The authority in a theocratic government comes from

What metal became widely used during the Second Urbanisation?

What is the period after the Harappan collapse often called? 

The UNESCO World Heritage site home to the Royal Bengal Tiger is

In the Vajji (or Vriji) mahajanapada, the Lichchhavi clan, in particular, practised collective decision-making and leaders were chosen based on merit rather than birth. Key positions were filled through elections and representatives from various clans met regularly to address issues and develop solutions to ensure the people's welfare. As a result, such states have been called early republics. Indeed, the voice of the common people has been valued and upheld in India through the ages, even when the power was in the hands of a king or queen. A remarkable example from the Chola period is seen in the Uttaramerur inscriptions from the 10th century CE in Tamil Nadu, which provide us with details about the election of members to the village sabha (local administrative body). We learn about the election process, including sealed ballot boxes, qualifications of members, their duties and also the conditions that could lead to their dismissal. For instance, members would be immediately removed if found to have indulged in any corruption. There were republics in other parts of the world too. In the 5th and 4th centuries BCE, Rome and Greece had republics. In some regions of Greece, free men could vote, but women, workers and slaves could not. theyareas had a system where only a small, privileged group could vote or make decisions
(i) In the Vajimahajanapada, how were leaders selected? 
(ii) What was unfair about the voting system in some regions of ancient Greece?
(iii) What do the Uttaramerur inscriptions mainly tell us about village elections?

"Urbanisation does not happen without technologies. Let us remember that the Harappan civilisation masteredcopper and bronze metallurgy. Now, in this Second Urbanisation, a major shift in technology
involved iron metallurgy. In several regions of India, the techniques of extracting and shaping iron were actually perfected from the early 2nd millennium BCE, but it took a few centuries for iron to become apart of daily life. By the late 2nd millennium BCE, iron tools had become widespread, facilitating agriculture on a bigger Scale. Iron also made better weapons than bronze, lighter and sharper -swords, spears, arrows, shields, etc. As it happens, there is some evidence of warfare between neighbouring mahajanapadas-- how frequent or how intense it was, of course, is impossible to tell. Such military campaigns, but
occasionally alliances too, gave rise to new kingdoms and empires, which we will turn to later in ourjourney.''
(i) Whlch metals were mastered by the Harappan civilisatlon?
(a) Copper and iron
(b) Copper and bronze
(c) Bronze and iron
(d) Gold and silver
(ii) How were the teachings of Vedic, Buddhist, and Jain schools spread across India?
(a) Through traders only
(b) By kings issuing orders
(c) By travelling scholars, monks and pilgrims
(d) Through stone inscriptions
(iii) Why were iron weapons considered better than bronze weapons?
(a) They were heavier and sharper
(b) They were lighter and sharper.
(c) They were heavier and duller.
(d)They were lighter and duller.
(iv) What role did military campaigns play in the Second Urbanisation?
(a) They led to the decline of kingdoms.
(b) They gave rise to new kingdoms and empires.
(c) They had no impact on kingdoms.
(d) They only caused destruction.

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.
The Himalayan mountain range is not just a geographic feature but an important part of India's natural, cultural and historical landscape. The Himalayas are divided into three main ranges the Himadri, Himachal and Shivalik Hills. The Himadri, also known as the Greater Himalayas, is the highest and most rugged part of the range, home to towering peaks such as Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga. This region remains Snow-covered year-round and life here is difficult due to the extreme cold and lack of human settlements. Moving Southward, the Himachal, or Lower Himalayas, provide a more moderate climate, which supports rich biodiversity and human habitation. This region is known for popular hill stations such as Shimla, Nainital and Mussoorie. The Shivalik Hills, the outermost range, are lower in elevation and consist of rolling hills and dense forests. These hills serve as a transition zone between the Himalayas and the Gangetic Plains. The Himalayas have not only played a major role in the geography of the region but also in the development of India's climate, culture and history
(i) What are the key factors that influence the climate of India?
(ii) What is the significance of sacred mountains in various cultures?
(iii) Why is water conservation crucial for agricultural regions in India?
(iv) How do hill stations in India contribute to tourism and the economy?

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.
The Aravallis, rich in minerals like marble, granite, zinc, and copper, have supported mining and construction activities for centuries. In fact, evidence from its ancient mines at Zawar has shown that over eight centuries ago, Indians were the first in the world to master the delicate process of extraction of zinc. Historic forts, such as Chittorgarh, Kumbhalgarh, and Ranthambore, are located here.
(i) How do the Aravalli Hills help protect the land in North-Western India?
(a) By bringing rain to the desert
(b) By stopping the desert from spreading East
(c) By growing many trees
(d) By blocking rivers
(ii) What does the mining of zinc at Zawar tell us about anclent Indla?
(a) People only used stones and wood
(b) They did not know how to use metals
(c) They were skilled in metal extraction
(d) They got zinc from other countries
(iii) Why are forts like Chittorgarh and Kumbhalgarh found in the Aravalli region?
(a) The area is good for building strong forts
(b) The forts protected the sea coast
(c) The forts were built in forests
(d) The land was flat and empty
(iv) What makes Mount Abu special among the Aravalli Hills?
(a) It is the smallest hill
(b) It has no minerals
(c) It is the highest peak in the range
(d) It is found in the desert

Why does the Meghalaya Plateau receive so much rainfall and what does it lead to?

(i) What does the ink mark on the women's fingers in the picture represent?
(ii) The image highlights a key feature of a democratic process. Which fundamental right does it reflect?
(iii) What is the voting age in India?

(i) State the name of the location where this fortiflcation Is bullt.
(ii) Why was the gateway made marrow?
(iii) What defensive element can be seen outside the city gate.

Answer the question based on following picture.(i) In which state the features shown in the above image is located?
(ii) Why it is considered sacred by many people?
(iii) What kind of visitors does this attract and why?

Assertion (A) Democracy can face challenges like Corruption and misuse of power.
Reason (R) People in a democracy cannot change their leaders.
Codes:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A 
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false. 
(d) A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A) The raja in a janapada could sometimes be removed from power.
Reason (R) Assemblies like sabha and samiti played a role in governance. 
Codes:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A 
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false. 
(d) A is false but R is true.