Characteristics of coal:
(i) Coal is a hard, black, combustible fossil fuel.
(ii) It mainly contains carbon and is a good source of energy.
(iii) When heated in air, coal burns and produces mainly carbon dioxide gas.
Uses of coal:
(i) It is used in thermal power plants to produce electricity.
(ii) It is used as a fuel in various industries.
(iii) It is used for the manufacture of coke, coal-tar and coal gas.

(a) If Ankush switched on the electric iron rod and (without wearing any footwears), then he could get met with some accident, either in the form of electrical sparking or short circuit of switch board.
(b) Ankush's friend seems to be very intelligent and very much concerned for Ankush as well.

Spoon should be connected to the negative terminal of the battery. The other electrode should be of silver so that silver ions get deposited on an iron spoon.

The babies born through IVF technique are called test-tube babies because the fertilisation takes place in a glass test tube. This is however, a misleading name as a very brief period is spent in a test tube. After which, the entire growth and development of the baby takes place inside the uterus of the woman as in normal pregnancy.

It happens because the television screen or computer monitor are charged and have static charges and when we touch them with our hands which are uncharged, the charges attract our hands and transfer through our hands and we get a small shock.

Two modes of reproduction are
(i) Asexual reproduction It does not involve fusion of gametes, it results from multiplication of body cells from a single parent. Daughter organisms are genetically identical to the parent. No fertilisation takes place.
(ii) Sexual reproduction It is characterised by the union of male and female gametes coming from two parents. Daughter organisms differ from the parents genetically. Fertilisation takes place.

Exhaustible natural resources are as below: Coal, natural gas, petroleum, minerals, forests. Inexhaustible natural resources are as below: Air, sunlight, oxygen.

Protections against earthquake :
Earthquakes cannot be predicted. They can be highly destructive. It is, therefore, important that we take necessary precautions to protect ourselves all the time. It is advisable to make the structure 'Quake Safe'.
(i) Consult qualified architects and structural engineers.
(ii) In highly seismic area, the use of mud and timber is better. They keep roofs light.
(iii) Fix shelves and cupboards to the walls.
(iv)Be careful where you hang wall clocks, photo frames, water heaters etc.
(v) Building can catch fire during earthquake. So all buildings must have fire fighting equipments in working order.
In the event that an earthquake does strike, take the following steps to protect yourself.
At home: Take shelter under a table, stay away from tall and heavy objects and if you are in bed, do not get up. Protect your head with a pillow.
Outdoors: Find a clean spot, away from buildings, trees, and overhead power lines. Drop to ground. If you are in car or bus do not come out.

Cloning is the production of an exact copy of a cell any other living part, or a complete organism. Ian Wilmut and his colleagues at the Roslin Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland successfully cloned a sheep named Dolly.
Following steps were involved in cloning:
(i) A cell was collected from the mammary gland of a female sheep.
(ii)An egg was obtained from a Scottish blackface and its nucleus was removed.
(iii)The nucleus from the mammary gland cellof Dorset sheep was introduced in the egg.
(iv)This egg was then implanted in the uterus.

Take a few plastics or rubber caps of bottles. Put one teaspoon of lemon juice or vinegar in one cap. Now, bring the tester over the cap and let the ends of the tester dip into lemon juice or vinegar. So, we see that bulb starts to glow. It indicates that lemon juice and vinegar are good conductors of electricity.

(a) A is petroleum and B is natural gas.
(b) A is thick liquid while B is gas.
(c) C is called fractional distillation
(d) D is kerosene.