India was divided on the basis of religion. As a result more than a million people had been killed in riots. Thus, we could not afford further divisions on the basis of language.
Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was against the creation of linguistic states because he believed that disruptionist tendencies had come to the fore and to check them, the nation had to be strong and united

In 1947, India's population was large, it was almost 345 million. This large population was divided. It was divided between high castes, low castes between the majority Hindu community and other religious communities.
The citizens of this vast land spoke many different languages, wore different kinds of dresses, ate different kinds of foods and practised different professions

Less than six months after Independence, the nation was in mourning as on 30th January, 1948, the father of the Nation Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated. He was assassinated by a fanatic Nathuram Godse. Nathuram Godse did not believe in Gandhiji's conviction that Hindus and Muslims should live together in harmony. So he killed Mahatma. Jawaharlal Nehru described it as 'the light has gone out of our lives and there is darkness everywhere'.

Mira Behn (Madeleine Slade 1892-1982)1 daughter of the British Rear-Admiral Sir Edmond Slade, was a British woman who left her home in Britain to live and work with Mahatma Gandhi.
Madeleine devoted her life to human development, the advancement of Gandhiji's principles and the freedom struggle in India Gandhiji gave her the name 'Mira Behn', after Mira Bai, the great devotee of Lord Krishna. She arrived in India in 1925 and took active part in Non-cooperation Movement and imprisoned during 1932-33. She established the Kisan Ashram near Roorkee. After Independence, she established Pashulok Ashram near Rishikesh and a settlement name Bapu Gram and the Gopal Ashram in Bhilangana in 1952.

The Constituent Assembly took the decision that while Hindi would be the official language of India, English would be used in the courts, the services and communications between one state and another.
The advantage of this decision is:
It would keep the whole of India united. The South Indian states would not separate themselves from India.
The disadvantage of this decision is :
It would hamper the development and growth of Hindi all over India.

After the creation of Andhra Pradesh, A States Reorganisation commission was set up in 1956, recommending the redrawing of district and provincial boundaries to form compact provinces of Assamese, Bengal, Oriya, Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada speakers respectively. North India was broken into several states. In 1960, the bilingual state of Bombay was divided into separate sates for Marathi and Gujarati speakers. In 1956, the state of Punjab was also divided into Punjab and Haryana, the former for the Punjabi speakers (who were mostly Sikhs), the latter for the rest (who did not speak Punjabi but versions of Haryanvi or Hindi).

(i) Mahatma Gandhi's ashes are being immersed in the picture.
(ii) He was assassinated on 30 January, 1948
(iii) He was assassinated by a frantic Nathuram Godse

The Indian Constitution was adopted on 26th January 1950. Main features of the Indian
constitution are:
(i) Universal Adult Franchise It adopted Universal Adult Franchise. According to this, all Indians above the age of 21 would be allowed to vote in state and national elections
(ii) Equality to all citizens It guaranteed equality before the law to all citizens, regardless of their caste or religious affiliations.
All the people of different religions would be given the same opportunities when it came to seeking jobs in government or the private sector, they have the same rights before the law.
(iii) Granting special privilege to Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) It offered privileges for the poorest and most disadvantaged Indians. A certain percentage of seats in legislatures, as well as jobs in government services, are reserved for them.
(iv) Abolition of untouchability The practice of untouchability was abolished. The Hindu temples were open to all including the untouchables.