(a) The given data indicates that China could arrest its annual population growth rate with the implementation of some stringent measures in 1970s like the introduction of 'one-child norm'. This step has been instrumental in checking the growth of population in China at the rate of 0.5% p.a. Looking at India it stands almost double to China with its annual population growth rate of 1.2%.
(b) Sex ratio (Gender ratio) is low and biased in both the countries due to preference for male child. India stands at 929 females per 1000 males and China stands at 941 females per 1000 males. The social dynamics of both the countries are similar to each other.

Re-emergence of poverty and slowdown of growth in Pakistan are attributed to the agricultural growth and food supply situation there. These were based not on an institutionalised process of technical change but on good harvest. If there was a good harvest the economy was in a good condition and when it was not good the economic indicators depicted stagnation or negative trends

(a) Infant Mortality Rate is very high in Pakistan (66) as compared to India (38). This is because of large sized families leading to more undernourished children and the poor health of the mothers.
(b) Indeed Pakistan is more urbanised as there are 39% of the people living in urban areas, in contrast to 33% of people living in the urban areas in India.

(a) The given data shows that Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is very high in India (174) in contrast to China (27) almost India's MMR is more than 6 times of China. This is because of better health care for expectant mothers in China, where they gave birth to one child only for quite sometime, as per the 'one-child norm'. Whereas in India because of large number of children the mothers suffer from ill-health. Due to lack of proper medical care, poverty and under-nourishment many women die during pregnancy or at child birth.
(b) Life expectancy at birth is also higher/better for China (76 years) in contrast to India's 68 years. This is because of good health of people in China in contrast to India, which suffers more from ill-health and undernourishment.

The important demographic indicators are as follows:
(a) Total Population: China is the largest populated country in the world followed by India. The given table depicts that China's population in 2000-01 was approximately 1303.7 million and that ofIndia and Pakistan was 1103.6 million and 162.4 million respectively.
(b) Annual Growth Rate of Population: Although China is the largest populated country but a strong positive point for China is that, its annual growth rate of population is just 1% per annum while that of India and Pakistan is 1.7% and 2.5% per annum.
(c) Density of Population: In spite of the fact that China is highly populated and geographically occupying the largest area among the three nations, its density of population is the lowest. It is as low as 138 persons per square kilometer of area compared to 358 and 193 persons in India and Pakistan respectively.
(d) Sex Ratio: This ratio counts the number of females per 1000 males. The sex ratios in all the three countries are almost same with China having a marginally higher sex ratio of 937 females per 1000 males. This depicts the low economic and social status of women in India and Pakistan.
(e) Fertility Rate: China enjoys an upper hand in the case offertility rate. The fertility rate of Chinese woman is only 1.8 whereas those ofIndia and Pakistan are 3.0 and 5.1. This implies that in India and Pakistan a woman usually gives birth to approximately 3 and 5 children. This is the most important concern for both India and Pakistan, as with such a high fertility rate, population in the coming decades will surpass that of China. 
(f) Urbanisation: Lastly, China is comparatively more urbani sed than India and Pakistan. The rate of urbanisation in China is 36.1 % while that in India and Pakistan is 27.8% and 33.4% respectively. The degree of urbanisation depicts the standard and quality of living of people of a particular country.

(a) On the basis of the given data, we find that the annual population growth rate in Pakistan standing at 2.1 % is the reciprocal of the annual population growth rate in India at 1.2%. Pakistan's population growth rate is higher than India's because of high fertility rate and large-sized families.
(b) India has a lower sex ratio (929) as compared to Pakistan (947) which is a real issue of major concern for the demographers in India.

The comparison ofIndia's and China's sectoral contribution towards their respective GDP can be done as follows:
(a) Contribution of Primary Sector to GDP: The given data reveals that the contribution of the primary sector to India's GDP is 23% compared to 15% of China's GDP. This confirms the agrarian nature ofIndian economy.
(b) Contribution of Secondary Sector to GDP: The data also reveals that China has comparatively a strong industrial base as compared to India. The contribution of secondary sector to China's GDP is 53% against the contribution of mere 26% to India's GDP. From this, we can infer that India's industrial sector is far behind that of China.
(c) Contribution of Tertiary Sector to GDP: We can also analyze that although India's industrial sector is not as strong as that of China, yet the contribution of India's service sector is much stronger than that of China. Thus, analysing the above data helps us to conclude that a significant portion of India's GDP is contributed by tertiary sector followed by its agriculture sector. On the contrary, the major contributor to China's GDP is the secondary sector followed by its tertiary sector.