(i) The people who managed to return back with wealth and led flashy lives and flaunted their richness.
(ii) They were called "Nabobs" - an English version of the Indian word 'Nawab'.
(iii) They were often seen as upstarts and social climbers in British society and were ridiculed or made fun of in plays and cartoons.

(i) The companies regularly sank each other's ships, and blocked their routes.
(ii) Companies prevented rival ships from supplying goods.
(iii) Trade was carried on with arms and trading posts were protected through fortification

Following were the terms and treaty of Allahabad:
(i) The kingdom of Awadh was restored to the Nawab Shuja-ud-daullah.
(ii) The nawab paid the company a sum of Rs.50 lakhs and the company promised to support Awadh against any outside attack, using its own troops, but the expenses would be borne by the nawab.
(iii) The Mughal empire granted the Company the 'Diwani' of Bengal, Bihar and Orrisa.
(iv) The company gave the Mughal emperor an annual pension of Rs.26 Lakhs.

After the Battle of Buxar, the East India Company appointed residents in the Indian state. They were political and commercial agents of the Company. Their job was to serve and further the interests of the Company. 
Through them, the Company officials began interfering in the internal affairs of Indian States. They enjoyed the real power. They decided who was to be the succession of throne and who was to be appointed in administrative post. If the king did not admit his decision, then confrontation took place.

After the Battle of Plassey, Robert Clive wrote to William Pitt on 7th January 1759 about the advantage of expanding British colony in India. He said that there was no difficulty in obtaining the absolute power of the rich kingdoms of India. The Company earned yearly two million sterling by possessing only three provinces at that time.

The administration of the Company was different from that of the Indian rulers in the following ways:
(i) Indian rulers divided its administrative units as district. Parganas and tehsils. The Company divided its administrative units as Presidencies. There were three Presidencies-Bengal, Madras and Bombay.
(ii) Each Presidency was ruled by a Governor. Districts were ruled by the Collectors.
(iii) The supreme head of the administration of the Company was the Governor-General. In India, the head of the administration was king.
(iv) The main role of the Collector in Indian district was to collect revenue and taxes, and maintain law and order in his districts with the help of judges, police officers and darogas. He became the new centre of power during the British Raj

There was a great demand of Indian fine quality silk and cotton in European countries. Indian spices like pepper, cloves, cardamom, and cinnamon too were in great demand. These things were easily available in India at low prices. European trader could sell it at higher prices in Europe. Thus, the European traders came to India to gain profit.

(i) Warren Hastings was the first Governor-General of Bengal. He introduced many administrative reforms, notably in the sphere of justice.
(ii) In his ten-year tenure, Warren Hastings greatly extended and regularized the Company's rule in India. He resigned in 1784. When Warren Hastings went back to England in 1785, Edmund Burke charged him of being personally responsible for high crimes and misdemeanors in Bengal. He was impeached in 1787 in the British Parliament that lasted seven years. Hastings spent most of his wealth on his defence.

(i) Sirajuddaulah refused to grant concessions to the Company, demanded large tributes for the Company's right to trade, denied it any right to mint coins, and stopped it from extending its fortifications.
(ii) Accusing the Company of deceit, he claimed that the Company was depriving the Bengal government of huge amounts of revenue and undermining the authority of the Nawab.
(iii) The Company was refusing to pay taxes, writing disrespectful letters, and trying to humiliate the Nawab and his officials.
Events :
(i) After negotiations failed, the Nawab marched along with 30,000 soldiers to the English factory at Kasim bazar, captured the Company officials, locked the warehouse, disarmed all Englishmen, and blocked English ships.
(ii) Then he marched to Calcutta to establish control over the Company's fort. On hearing the news of the fall of Calcutta, Company officials in Madras sent forces under the command of Robert Clive, reinforced by naval fleets.
(iii) Prolonged negotiations with the Nawab followed. Finally, in 1757, Robert Clive led the Company's army against Sirajuddaulah at Plassey
(iv) One of the main reasons for the defeat of the Nawab was that the forces led by Mir Jafar, one of Sirajuddaulah's commanders, never fought the battle. Clive had managed to secure his support by promising to make him nawab after crushing Sirajuddaulah.
Consequences :
(i) The Battle of Plassey became famous because it was the first major war that the Company had won in India.
(ii) After the defeat at Plassey, Sirajuddaulah was assassinated and Mir Jafar was made the nawab. The Company was still unwilling to take over the responsibility of administration. Its prime objective was the expansion of trade.

The English developed a strong army due to the following reasons :
(i)The army was needed to establish control upon the vast empire.
(ii) It was also required to suppress internal revolts against the British.
(iii) The army consisted of Indian soldiers who were known as sepoys.
(iv) The army was well disciplined, well trained and regularly paid.

Following are the consequences of 'Diwani Rights':
In 1765, the Mughal emperor appointed the Company as the 'Diwan' of the provinces of Bengal. The Diwani allowed the Company to use the vast revenue resources of Bengal. It solved a major problem that the Company had faced 
From the early 18th century, the Company's trade with India had expanded.The Company had to buy most of the goods from India with gold and silver imported from Britain. But after getting 'Diwani Rights', the Company bought goods with the revenues.
 The Company also used the revenues to maintain its troops and meet the cost of building the Company fort and offices at Calcutta.

In the above map, the areas which are under the British rule are-some parts of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, etc.

Battle of Plassey, fought in 1757, is an important landmark in the history of India because:
(i) It marked the beginning of the establishment of British rule in India.
(ii) The British got a foothold from where they were to eventually conquer the whole of India.

Causes responsible for the battle of Plassey are given below:
(i) In 1756A.D., the Nawab seized the English Factory at Kasim Bazar and occupied Fort William, but Clive recaptured it in 1756A.D.
(ii) Mir afar wanted to dethrone the nawab and entered into a conspiracy against the nawab joining hands with the Britishers.
(iii) Clive blamed the nawab that he was conspiring against English with the help of French.

(i) Charter Act : Charter Act 1813 or East India Company Act 1813 was passed by the British Parliament to renew the charter of British East India Company and continue the rule of the same in India.
(ii) Dual Government : Dual Government meant double government under which the executive powers and responsibility for collection of revenue were shared by two different authorities.