Following were the terms and treaty of Allahabad:
(i) The kingdom of Awadh was restored to the Nawab Shuja-ud-daullah.
(ii) The nawab paid the company a sum of Rs.50 lakhs and the company promised to support Awadh against any outside attack, using its own troops, but the expenses would be borne by the nawab.
(iii) The Mughal empire granted the Company the 'Diwani' of Bengal, Bihar and Orrisa.
(iv) The company gave the Mughal emperor an annual pension of Rs.26 Lakhs.

(i) The third son of Queen Victoria of Britain, Prince Arthur-the Duke of Connaught, seated on horseback, is depicted in this picture.
(ii) Old advertisements are important because they help us to understand how markets were created for new products at that time, and secondly, how new tastes were popularized among the people.
(iii) The advertisement of Lipton tea created in 1922 suggested that royalty all over the world consumed this tea.

(i) Before the advent of printing press, documents were written by hand, this was time consuming and when the printing press arrived, the speed of work improved.
(ii) Newspapers were published and the issues in them were debated upon by the common people.
(iii) The reformers and leaders were able to convey their ideas to masses in short time.
(iv) Poets and novelists were also able to express their thoughts. Thus, printing presses helped in spreading news and information in a more effective way.

 The effect of colonisation on India are as follows:
(i) The British came to our country and established their rule, subjugating local nawabs and rajas.
(ii) The British established control over the economy and society, collected revenue to meet all their expenses, bought the goods they wanted at low prices, produced crops they needed for export.
(iii) The British rule brought about the changes in values and tastes, customer and practices. It brought about the changes in the political, economic, social and cultural sphere.

A census is a procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. History of Census conducted in India is as follows:
The oldest recorded census in India is thought to have occurred around 300 BCE during the reign of the emperor Chandragupta Maurya under the leadership of Kautilya or Chanakya. The census of India has been conducted 15 times as of 2011. It has been conducted every ten years. The proper national census started in 1871.

(i) Warren Hastings was the first Governor-General of Bengal. He introduced many administrative reforms, notably in the sphere of justice.
(ii) In his ten-year tenure, Warren Hastings greatly extended and regularized the Company's rule in India. He resigned in 1784. When Warren Hastings went back to England in 1785, Edmund Burke charged him of being personally responsible for high crimes and misdemeanors in Bengal. He was impeached in 1787 in the British Parliament that lasted seven years. Hastings spent most of his wealth on his defence.

The English developed a strong army due to the following reasons :
(i)The army was needed to establish control upon the vast empire.
(ii) It was also required to suppress internal revolts against the British.
(iii) The army consisted of Indian soldiers who were known as sepoys.
(iv) The army was well disciplined, well trained and regularly paid.

(i) The report was published in 'The Hindustan Times' of 22 March, 1946.
(ii) This report was about a strike by policemen against the unhealthy food provided by the government.
(iii) The grievance of policemen was that the government did not treat them well and provided unhealthy and inedible food.
(iv)These type of literary sources provide the information about those events and activities that do not find mention in official records. These types of sources inform us about condition of contemporary society and events.

The tribals agitated under British rule because:
(i) The powers and functions of tribal chiefs were reduced to keeping their lane titles and renting out their lands only.
(ii) They lost much of their economic and administrative power over their tribes and had to pay tribute to the British.
(iii) Their method of shifting cultivation was stopped and they had to settle down at fixed places to become peasant cultivators. Besides, they had to give fixed revenue to the state.
(iv) Their gathering of forest products for use or sale was stopped, as the British declared forests as Reserved meaning that the tribals could not either live in the forests or enter them at will or take out forest produce.

The tribals traditionally practiced hum cultivation, i.e. shifting cultivation. This was done on small patches of land, mostly in forests. The cultivators cut the trees to allow sunlight to reach the ground and burnt the vegetation on the land to clear it for cultivation. Then they spread the ash of the vegetation to fertilize the soil, as it contained potash. Then they scratched the soil to prepare it for cultivation. They used the axe to cut trees and the hoe to scratch soil in order to prepare the land for cultivation.
Then the seeds were scattered on the field instead of ploughing the land and sowing the seeds. Once the crop was ready and harvested, they moved to another area. A field that had been cultivated once was left fallow for several years to recover its fertility.

Many historians have divided Indian history into ancient, medieval and modern. This periodisation has been borrowed from the West. 
According to them, a modern period was associated with the growth of science, reason, democracy, liberty, and equality. This view was accepted by the Western thinkers after the French Revolution.
Medieval period was a term used to describe a society where all these features of modern society did not exist.
If we accept this periodisation for our country, there must arise some problems. These are
We cannot justify the British Raj of India as the modern period.
At that time, people did not have equality, freedom or liberty. There was no economic growth and progress in the society.

In his book, 'A History of British India', James Mill divided Indian history into three periods-. Hindu, Muslim, and British. He thought that all Asian societies were at a lower level of civilisation than Europe. Mill pointed out that before the British came to India, Hindu and Muslim despots ruled India. At that time, some factors like religious intolerance, caste taboos, and superstitious practices dominated India's social life. Mill felt that only British rule could save the Indians from the darkness. Thus, he advocated the theory of expanding colonisation, i.e. the British should conquer all the territories in India to ensure enlightenment and happiness for Indians. He strongly believed that India can be capable of progress only with the help of the British. In this way, he justified the British rule in India. 

It means re-birth and refers to European history from 14^th to 16^th century when there was revival of art, learning and culture

This term is used by Europeans for modernizing the people of Asia and Africa to whom they considered as belonging to inferior races.

It was an executive council in frame which was set up under the new constitution in 1795. It gave the right to vote to the citizens.

The system of rigid allegiance, devotion and loyalty towards one's nation is known as Nationalism

The National Archives in India came up in 1920s and it is located in Delhi

Applying pressure with cotton and bandage is very effective in preventing bleeding from a wounded arm.

When entering a building which has been cracked or collapsed because of an earthquake, one should keep away from unconsolidated items and walls, keep in mind the possibility of aftershocks and rush outside with the survivor as quickly as he can.

Seismograph is an earthquake sensitive detection or an instrument used for recording the intensity and duration of seismic waves. It is usually kept at the geological center.

Yes, some situations where laws (or rules) exist but people do not follow are the following
1. Zebra crossing for road crossing
2. Giving and taking of dowry
3. Employing children under 14 years' age
The problems in enforcement are:
1. Lack of adequate staff
2. Untrained staff
3. Irresponsible citizens
Some ways in which enforcement can be improved:
1. Strict punishments for breaking laws
2. Deployment of adequate number of staff for enforcing the laws.

Enforcement of safety laws is important in any factory for the security of its workers and people living near the factory. It is important for preventing serious disasters like Bhopal gas tragedy from happening

India has eight industrial regions and they are:
(i) Mumbai-Pune Region: It extends from Thane to Pune and the adjoining districts of Nasik and Sholapur.
(ii) Hugli Region: It extends from Bansbaria in the north to Birlanagar in the south.
(iii) Bangalore- Tamil Nadu Region: It extends from Banglore to all parts of Tamil Nadu except Villupuram.
(iv) Gujarat Region: It lies between Ahmedabad and Vadodara in the south to Jamnagar in the west.
(v) Chhotanagpur Region: It extends over Jharkhand, northern Odisha and western West Bengal.
(vi) Vishakhapatnam-Guntur Region: It extends from Vishakhapatnam district to Kurnool and Prakasam district in the south.
(vii) Gurgaon-Delhi-Merrut Region: It includes Gurgaon, Delhi, Shahadara, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Meerut, Modinagar, Ambala, Agra and Mathura.
(viii) Kollam- Thiruvananthapuram Region: It is spread over Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alwaye, Ernakulam, and Alappuzha districts.