(i) Using beakers, the mustard oil is separated by the process of decantation, because oil being lighter than water, floats on water.
(ii) Next filtration is using a funnel and filter paper and thus water gets separated from chalk powder and coins.
(iii) By hand-picking method, the coins are separated frorn chalk powder.

PARTTCLES IN A SOLID	PARTICLES IN A LIQUID	PARTICLES IN GASEOUS

 

S.No.	SOLID STATE	LIQUID STATE	GASEOUS STATE
1.	Definite shape and volume	No definite shape, liquids attain the shape of the vessel in which they are kept.	Gases have neither a definite shape nor a definite volume.
2.	Incompressible	Compressible to a small extent.	Highly compressible
3.	There is little space between the particles of solid.	These particles have a greater space between them.	The space between gas particles is the greatest.
4.	These particles attract each other very strongly.	The force of attraction between liquid particles is lesser than solid particles.	Thd force of attraction is least between gaseous particles.
5.	Particles of solid cannot move freely.	These particles move freely.	Gaseous particles are in a continuous, random motion.

(i) By churning the curd, the solid butter will be collicted on the sides of the vessel.
(ii) The insoluble butter will be separated from the buttermilk and thus the buttermilk will be obtained.

Pure substances are mixed with harmful and unwanted substances. This process is called adulteration.

(i) By winnowing a large quantity of tiny bits of paper mixed with pulses.
(ii) As paper is lighter than pulses, they can be easily separated by winnowing.

(i) The atoms of a gas never stop moving.
(ii) They are not affected by gravity.
(iii) They spread out in order to occupy the available space.

(i) Yes, a rubber ball can be called a solid because it doesn't flow away like liquids or gases.
(ii) But the rigidity of the rubber ball is less than the external force. So it changes its shape.

PURE SUBSTANCE	IMPURE SUBSTANCE
A pure substance is made up of only one kind of particulars.	An impure substance contains more than one kind of particulars.
The components are mixed chemically in a fixed ratio.	The components are mixed physically in any ratio.

The settling down of heavier component of a mixture when allowed to remain undisturbed for some time is called sedimentation.

Lemon juice is a mixture because it is a miture of lemon extract, water and sugar.  This is a mixture though the amount of sugar and water added is different we know that, in a mixture the components are mixed in any proportion.

We have to separate mixture,
(i) to remoe impurities
(ii) to separate useful components
(iii) to get a highty pure form substance

Matter is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space.