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TN 12th Computer Applications வலையமைப்பு வடமிடல் Sample Question Papers Study Material - QB365 Set A

Published on: 28/11/2025
Download Tamil Nadu 12th Standard Maths question papers, model tests, one-mark questions, important questions, and public exam papers in PDF format. Free study materials and answer keys for TN State Board students.
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1.
\(\vec { a } =2\hat { i } +3\hat { j } -\hat { k } ,\vec { b } =-\hat { i } +2\hat { j } -4\hat { k } ,\vec { c } =\hat { i } +\hat { j } +\hat { k } \) then find the value of \((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )\times (\vec { c } \times \vec { d } )\).
2.
If \(\vec { a } =2\hat { i } +3\hat { j } -\hat { k } ,\vec { b } =3\hat { i } +5\hat { j } +2\hat { k } ,\vec { c } =-\hat { i } -2\hat { j } +3\hat { k } \), verify that
(i) \((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )\times \vec { c } =(\vec { a } .\vec { c } )\times \vec { b } -(\vec { b } .\vec { c } )\vec { a } \)
(ii) \(\vec { a } \times (\vec { b } \times \vec { c } )=(\vec { a } .\vec { c } )\times \vec { b } -(\vec { a } .\vec { b } )\vec { c } \)
3.
If \(\vec { a } =\vec { i } -\vec { j } ,\vec { b } =\hat { i } -\hat { j } -4\hat { k } ,\vec { c } =3\hat { j } -\hat { k } \) and \(\vec { d } =2\hat { i } +5\hat { j } +\hat { k } \)
(i) \((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )\times (\vec { c } \times \vec { d } )=[\vec { a } ,\vec { b } ,\vec { d } ]\vec { c } -[\vec { a } ,\vec { b } ,\vec { c } ]\vec { d } \)
4.
If \(\vec { a } =-2\hat { i } +3\hat { j } -2\hat { k } ,\vec { b } =3\hat { i } -\hat { j } +3\hat { k } ,\vec { c } =2\hat { i } -5\hat { j } +\hat { k } \) find \((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )\times \vec { c } \) and \((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )\times \vec { c } \). State whether they are equal.
5.
Show that the four points (6, -7, 0), (16, -19, -4), (0, 3, -6), (2, -5, 10) lie on a same plane.
6.
Prove by vector method that sin(α + β ) = sin α cos β + cos α sin β
7.
8.
9.
By vector method, prove that cos(α + β) = cos α cos β - sin α sin β
10.
If the straight line joining the points (2, 1, 4) and (a−1, 4, −1) is parallel to the line joining the points (0, 2, b −1) and (5, 3, −2), find the values of a and b.
11.
Find the points where the straight line passes through (6,7, 4) and (8, 4,9) cuts the xz and yz planes.
12.
Find the angle between the straight lines \(\frac { x-4 }{ 2 } =\frac { y }{ 1 } =\frac { z-1 }{ -2 } \) and \(\frac { x-4 }{ 2 } =\frac { y }{ 1 } =\frac { z-1 }{ -2 } \) and state whether they are parallel or perpendicular.
13.
Find the vector equation in parametric form and Cartesian equations of the line passing through (-4, 2, -3) and is parallel to the line \(\frac { -x-2 }{ 4 } =\frac { y+3 }{ -2 } =\frac { 2z-6 }{ 3 } \)
14.
If \(\vec { a } =\hat { i } +2\hat { j } +3\hat { k } ,\vec { b } =2\hat { i } -\hat { j } +\hat { k } ,\vec { c } =3\hat { i } +2\hat { j } +\hat { k } \) and \(\vec { a } \times (\vec { b } \times \vec { c } )\)= \(l\vec { a } +m\vec { b } +n\vec { c } \) , find the values of l, m, n.
15.
Find the torque of the resultant of the three forces represented by \(-\hat { 3i } +\hat { 6j } +\hat { 3k } \), \(\hat { 4i } -\hat { 10j } +\hat { 12k } \) and \(\hat { 4i } +\hat { 7j } \) acting at the point with position vector \(\hat { 8i } -\hat { 6j } -\hat { 4k } \), about the point with position vector \(\hat { 18i } +\hat { 3j } -\hat { 9k } \)
16.
Forces of magnit \(5\sqrt { 2 } \) and \(10\sqrt { 2 } \) units acting in the directions \(\hat { 3i } +\hat { 4j } +\hat { 5k } \) and \(\hat { 10i } +\hat { 6j } -\hat { 8k } \) respectively, act on a particle which is displaced from the point with position vector \(\hat { 4i } -\hat { 3j } -\hat { 2k } \) to the point with position vector \(\hat { 6i } +\hat { j } -\hat { 3k } \). Find the work done by the forces.
17.
A particle is acted upon by the forces \((\hat { 3i } -\hat { 2j } +\hat { 2k } )\) and \((\hat { 2i } +\hat { j } -\hat { k } )\) is displaced from the point (1, 3, -1 ) to the point (4, -1, λ). If the work done by the forces is 16 units, find the value of λ.
18.
A particle acted upon by constant forces \(\hat { 2j } +\hat { 5j } +\hat { 6k } \) and \(-\hat { i } -\hat { 2j } -\hat { k } \) is displaced from the point (4, −3, −2) to the point (6, 1, −3). Find the total work done by the forces.
19.
Show that the lines \(\frac { x-1 }{ 4 } =\frac { 2-y }{ 6 } =\frac { z-4 }{ 12 } \) and \(\frac { x-3 }{ -2 } =\frac { y-3 }{ 3 } =\frac { 5-z }{ 6 } \) are parallel.
20.
If \(\hat { 2i } -\hat { j } +\hat { 3k } ,\hat { 3i } +\hat { 2j } +\hat { k } ,\hat { i } +\hat { mj } +\hat { 4k } \) are coplanar, find the value of m.
21.
If \(\vec{ a } =\hat { -3i } -\hat { j } +\hat { 5k } \), \(\vec{b}=\hat{i}-\hat{2j}+\hat{k} \), \(\vec{c}=\hat{4j}-\hat{5k} \ \) find\( \ {\vec a } .(\vec { b } \times \vec { c } )\)
1.
Given \(\vec { a } =2\hat { i } +3\hat { j } -\hat { k } ,\vec { b } =-\hat { i } +2\hat { j } -4\hat { k } ,\vec { c } =\hat { i } +\hat { j } +\hat { k } \)
\(\vec { a } \times \vec { b } =\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ 2 & 3 & -1 \\ -1 & 2 & -4 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= \(\hat { i } \left| \begin{matrix} 3 & -1 \\ 2 & -4 \end{matrix} \right| -\hat { j } \left| \begin{matrix} 2 & -1 \\ -1 & -4 \end{matrix} \right| +\hat { k } \left| \begin{matrix} 2 & 3 \\ -1 & 2 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= \(\hat { i } (-12+2)-\hat { j } (-8-1)+\hat { k } (4+3)\)
= \(-10\hat { i } +9\hat { j } +7\hat { k } \)
\(\vec { a } \times \vec { c } =\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ 2 & 3 & -1 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| =\hat { i } \left| \begin{matrix} 3 & -1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| -\hat { j } \left| \begin{matrix} 2 & -1 \\ 1 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| +\hat { k } \left| \begin{matrix} 2 & 3 \\ 1 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= \(\hat { i } (3+1)-\hat { j } (2+1)+\hat { k } (2-3)\)
= \(4\hat { i } -3\hat { j } -\hat { k } \)
∴ \((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } ).(\vec { a } \times \vec { c } )=(-10\hat { i } +9\hat { j } +7\hat { k } ).(4\hat { i } -3\hat { j } -\hat { k } )\)
= -40-27-7 = -74
2.
Given \(\vec { a } =2\hat { i } +3\hat { j } -\hat { k } ,\vec { b } =3\hat { i } +5\hat { j } +2\hat { k } \) and \(\vec { c } =-\hat { i } -2\hat { j } +3\hat { k } \)
Consider \((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )=\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ 2 & 3 & -1 \\ 3 & 5 & 2 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= \(\hat { i } \left| \begin{matrix} 3 & -1 \\ 5 & 2 \end{matrix} \right| -\hat { j } \left| \begin{matrix} 2 & -1 \\ 3 & 2 \end{matrix} \right| +\hat { k } \left| \begin{matrix} 2 & 3 \\ 3 & 5 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= \(\\ \hat { i } (6+5)-\hat { j } (4+3)+\hat { k } (10-9)=11\hat { i } -7\hat { j } +\hat { k } \)
∴ LHS = \((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )\times \vec { c } \)
= \(\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ 2 & 3 & -1 \\ 3 & 5 & 2 \end{matrix} \right| =\hat { i } \left| \begin{matrix} -7 & 1 \\ -2 & 3 \end{matrix} \right| -\hat { j } \left| \begin{matrix} 11 & 1 \\ -1 & 3 \end{matrix} \right| +\hat { k } \left| \begin{matrix} 11 & -7 \\ -1 & -2 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= \(\hat { i } (-21+2)+\hat { j } (33+1)+\hat { k } (-22-7)\)
= \(-19\hat { i } -34\hat { j } -29\hat { k } \) ..............(1)
For RHS
\(\vec { a } .\vec { i } =(2\hat { i } +3\hat { j } -\hat { k } ).(-\hat { i } -2\hat { j } +3\hat { k } )\)
= -2-6-3 = -11
\(\vec { b } .\vec { c } =(3\hat { i } +5\hat { j } +2\hat { k } ).(-\hat { i } -2\hat { j } +3\hat { k } )\)
= -3-10+6 = -7
∴ RHS = \((\vec { a } .\vec { c } )\vec { b } -(\vec { b } .\vec { c } )\vec { a } \)
= \(-11(3\hat { i } +5\hat { j } +2\hat { k } )+7(2\hat { i } +3\hat { j } -\hat { k } )\)
= \(-33\hat { i } -55\hat { j } -22\hat { k } +14\hat { i } +21\hat { j } -7\hat { k } \)
= \(-19\hat { i } -34\hat { j } -29\hat { k } \) ............... (2)
From (1) & (2), LHS = RHS
Hence \((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )\times \vec { c } =(\vec { a } .\vec { c } )\vec { b } -(\vec { b } .\vec { c } )\vec { a } \)
(ii) \(\vec { b } \times \vec { c } =\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ 3 & 5 & 2 \\ -1 & -2 & 3 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= \(\hat { i } \left| \begin{matrix} 5 & 2 \\ -2 & 3 \end{matrix} \right| -\hat { j } \left| \begin{matrix} 3 & 2 \\ -1 & 3 \end{matrix} \right| +\hat { k } \left| \begin{matrix} 3 & 5 \\ -1 & -2 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= \(\hat { i } (15+4)-\hat { j } (9+2)+\hat { k } (-6+5)\)
= \(19\hat { i } -11\hat { j } -\hat { k } \)
∴ \(\vec { a } (\vec { b } \times \vec { c } )=\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ 2 & 3 & -1 \\ 19 & -11 & -1 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= \(\hat { i } \left| \begin{matrix} 3 & -1 \\ -11 & -1 \end{matrix} \right| -\hat { j } \left| \begin{matrix} 2 & -1 \\ 19 & -1 \end{matrix} \right| +\hat { k } \left| \begin{matrix} 2 & 3 \\ 19 & -11 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= \(\hat { i } (-3-11)-\hat { j } (-2+19)+\hat { k } (-22-57)\)
= \(-14\hat { i } -17\hat { j } -79\hat { k } \) ............(1)
For RHS
\(\vec { a } .\vec { c } =-11\Rightarrow (\vec { a } .\vec { c } )\vec { b } =-11(3\hat { i } +5\hat { j } +2\hat { k } )\)
= -\(33\hat { i } -55\hat { j } -22\hat { k } \)
\(\vec { a } .\vec { b } =(2\hat { i } +3\hat { j } -\hat { k } ).(3\hat { i } +5\hat { j } +2\hat { k } )\)
= 6+15-2 = 19
\((\vec { a } .\vec { b } )\vec { c } =19(-\hat { i } -2\hat { j } +3\hat { k } )=-19\hat { i } -38\hat { j } +57\hat { k } \)
RHS = \((\vec { a } .\vec { c } )\vec { b } -(\vec { a } .\vec { b } )\vec { c } \)
= \(-33\hat { i } -55\hat { j } -22\hat { k } -(-19\hat { i } -38\hat { j } +57\hat { k } )\)
= \(-14\hat { i } -17\hat { j } -79\hat { k } \) ............(2)
From (1) & (2), LHS = RHS
∴ \(\vec { a } \times (\vec { b } \times \vec { c } )=(\vec { a } .\vec { c } )\vec { b } -(\vec { a } .\vec { b } )\vec { c } \)
3.
By definition,
\(\vec { a } \times \vec { b } =\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ 1 & -1 & 0 \\ 1 & -1 & -4 \end{matrix} \right| =4\hat { i } +4\hat { j } ,\vec { c } \times \vec { d } =\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ 0 & 3 & -1 \\ 2 & 5 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| =8\hat { i } -2\hat { j } -6\hat { k } \)
\((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )(\vec { c } \times \vec { d } )=\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ 4 & 4 & 0 \\ 8 & -2 & -6 \end{matrix} \right| =-24\hat { i } +24\hat { j } -40\hat { k } \) ..............(1)
On the other hand, we have
\([\vec { a }, \vec { b }, \vec { d } ]\vec { c } -[\vec { a } ,\vec { b } ,\vec { c } ]\vec { d } =28(3\vec { j } -\vec { k } )-12(2\hat { i } +5\hat { j } +\hat { k } )=-24\hat { i } +24\hat { j } -40\hat { k } \) ..............(2)
Therefore, from equations (1) and (2), identity (i) is verified.
The verification of identity (ii) is left as an exercise to the reader
4.
By definition, \(\vec { a } \times \vec { b } \) \(=\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ -2 & 3 & -2 \\ 3 & -1 & 3 \end{matrix} \right| =7\hat { i } -7\hat { k } \)
Then, \((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )\times \vec { c } =\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ 7 & 0 & -7 \\ 2 & -5 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| =-35\hat { i } -21\hat { j } -35\hat { k } \)......(1)
\(\vec { b } \times \vec { c } =\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ 3 & -1 & 3 \\ 2 & -5 & 1 \end{matrix} \right| =14\hat { i } +3\hat { j } -13\hat { k } \)
\(\vec { a } (\vec { b } \times \vec { c } )=\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ -2 & 3 & -2 \\ 14 & 3 & -13 \end{matrix} \right| =-33\hat { i } -54\hat { j } -48\hat { k } \)....(2)
Therefore, equations (1) and (2) show that \((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )\times \vec { c } \)\(\neq \)\((\vec { a } \times \vec { b } )\times \vec { c } \)
5.
Let A = (6, -7, 0), B = (16, -19, -4), C = (0, 3, -6), D = (2, -5, 10). To show that the four points A, B, C, D lie on a plane,
we have to prove that the three vectors \(\vec { AB } ,\vec { AC } ,\vec { AD } \) are coplanar.
Now, \(\vec { AB } =\vec { OB } -\vec { OA } =(16\hat { i } -19\hat { j } -4\hat { k } )-(6\hat { i } -7\hat { j } )=10\hat { i } -12\hat { j } -4\hat { k } \)
\(\vec { AC } =\vec { OC } -\vec { OA } =-6\hat { i } +10\hat { j } -6\hat { k } \) and \(\vec { AC } =\vec { OC } -\vec { OA } =-6\hat { i } +10\hat { j } -6\hat { k } \)
We have \([\vec { AB } ,\vec { AC } ,\vec { AD } ]\) = \(\left| \begin{matrix} 10 & -12 & -4 \\ -6 & 10 & -6 \\ -4 & 2 & 10 \end{matrix} \right| \) = 0
Therefore, the three vectors \(\vec { AB } ,\vec { AC } ,\vec { AD } \) are coplanar and hence the four points A, B, C and D lie on a plane
6.
Let \(\hat { a } =\vec { OA } \) and \(\hat { b } =\vec { OB } \) be the unit vectors and which make angles α,β respectively with positive x-axis
Draw AL and BM 丄 to x-axis
Then \(|\vec { OL } |=|\vec { OA } |cos\alpha \Rightarrow \vec { OL } =\vec { |OL| } \hat { i } =cos\alpha \hat { i } \)
\(|\vec { LA } |=|\vec { OB } |\) sin α
⇒ \(\vec { LA } =|\vec { OB } |\hat { j } =sin\alpha (-\hat { j } )=-sin\alpha \hat { j } \)
[\(\vec { LA } \) is in the opp direction of y axis]
\(\hat { a } =\vec { OA } =\vec { OL } +\vec { LA } =cos\alpha \hat { i } -sin\alpha \check { j } \) ..(1)
Similarly \(\hat { b } =\vec { OB } =\vec { OM } +\vec { MB } =cos\beta \hat { i } +sin\beta \hat { j } \) ...(2)
Now \(\hat { a } \times \hat { b } =|\hat { a } ||\hat { b } |sin(\alpha +\beta )\hat { k } =sin(\alpha +\beta )\hat { k } \) ....(3)
[\(|\hat { a } |=|\hat { b } |\) = 1]
Also \(\hat { a } \times \hat { b } =\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ cos\alpha & -sin\alpha & 0 \\ cos\beta & cos\beta & 0 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= \(\hat { i } (0)-\hat { j } (0)+\hat { k } \)(cosα sinβ + sinα cosβ)
= (sin α cos β + cos α sin β)\(\hat { k } \) .(4)
using (3) and (4), sin(α+β) = sin α cos β + cos α sin β
7.

8.

9.
Let \(\hat { a } =\vec { OA } \) and \(\hat { b } =\vec { OB } \) be the unit vectors and which make angles α and β, respectively, with positive x-axis, where A and B are as in the diagram.
Draw AL and BM perpendicular to the x-axis. Then \(\left| \vec { OL } \right| =\left| \vec { OA } \right| \) cos α = cos α, \(\left| \vec { LA } \right| =\left| \vec { OA } \right| \) sin α = sin α
So, \(\vec { OL } =\left| \vec { OL } \right| \)\(\hat { i } \) = cos,α \(\hat { i } \), \(\overrightarrow { LA } \) = sin α (-\(\hat { j } \))
Therefore, \(\hat { a } =\overrightarrow { OA} = \overrightarrow { OL } +\overrightarrow { LA } \) = cos α \(\hat { i } \) - sin α \(\hat { j } \) ..(1)
Similarly \(\hat { b } \) = cos β \(\hat { i } \)+ sin β \(\hat { j } \) ....(2)
The angle between \(\hat { a } \) and \(\hat{b}\) is α + β and so,
\(\hat { a } .\hat { b } =\left| \hat { a } \right| \left| \hat { b } \right| \) cos (α + β) = cos (α + β) ... (3)

On the other hand, from (1) and (2)
\(\hat { a } .\hat { b } =(cos\alpha \hat { i } -sina\hat { j } )(cos\beta \hat { i } -sin\beta \hat { j } )\) = cos α cos β - sin α sin β....(4)
From (3) and (4), we get cos(α + β) = cos α cos β - sin α sin β
10.
Cartesian equation of straight line passing through two points (2, 1,4) and (a - 1,4, -1) is
\(\frac { x-{ x }_{ 1 } }{ { x }_{ 2 }-{ x }_{ 1 } } =\frac { y-{ y }_{ 1 } }{ { y }_{ 2 }-{ y }_{ 1 } } =\frac { z-{ z }_{ 1 } }{ { z }_{ 2 }-{ z }_{ 1 } } \)
[∵ (x1, y1, z1) = (2, 1, 4) (x2, y2, z2) = (a, -1, 4, -1)]
⇒ \(\frac { x-2 }{ a-1-2 } =\frac { y-1 }{ 4-1 } =\frac { z-4 }{ -1-4 } \)
⇒ \(\frac { x-2 }{ a-3 } =\frac { y-1 }{ 3 } =\frac { z-4 }{ -5 } \)
Similarly, Cartesian equation of straight liens passing through two points (0, 2, b - 1) and (5, 3, -2) is
\(\frac { x-5 }{ 5-0 } =\frac { y-3 }{ 2-3 } =\frac { z+3 }{ b-1+2 } \)
[∵ (x1,y1,z1)=(5,3,-2) (x2,y2,z2) is (0,2,b)...(1)
⇒ \(\frac { x-5 }{ -5 } =\frac { y-3 }{ -1 } =\frac { z+2 }{ b+1 } \)
(1) and (2) are parallel if their direction cosines are equal
∴ Direction ratios ofline (1) are a - 3, 3, -5 ........... (3)
Direction ratios of line (2) are -5, -1, b + 1 ............ (4)
To make the direction ratios equal, multiply (4) by-3.
∴ (4) ⟶ +15, 3, -3b-3
(3) ⟶ a-3, 3, -5
∴ a-3 = +5 ⇒ a = 15+3 = 18
3 = 3
-3b-3 = -15 ⇒ -3b = -5+3 = -2
⇒ b = \(\frac { -2 }{ -3 } =\frac { 2 }{ 3 } \)
∴ a = 18 and b = \(\frac { 2 }{ 3 } \).
11.
Let (x1, y1, z1) is (6, 7, 4) and (x2, y2, z2) (8, 4, 9)
The cartesian equation of a straight line passing through two points is
\(\frac { x-{ x }_{ 1 } }{ { x }_{ 2 }-{ x }_{ 1 } } =\frac { y-{ y }_{ 1 } }{ { y }_{ 2 }-{ y }_{ 1 } } =\frac { z-{ z }_{ 1 } }{ { z }_{ 2 }-{ z }_{ 1 } } \)
⇒ \(\frac { x-6 }{ 8-6 } =\frac { y-7 }{ 4-7 } =\frac { z-4 }{ 9-4 } \)
⇒ \(\frac { x-6 }{ 2 } =\frac { y-7 }{ -3 } =\frac { z-4 }{ 5 } \) = s...(1)
⇒ x-6 = 2s
⇒ y-7 = -3s
⇒ y = -3s+7
\(\frac { y-7 }{ -3 } \)=s ⇒ y-7 = -3s ⇒ -3s + 7
\(\frac { z-4 }{ 5 } \) = s
⇒ z-4 = 5s
⇒ z = 5s + 4
∴ Point on the line is (2s + 6, -3s + 7, 5x + 4)...(2)
To find the point of intersection of (1) and x z plane, put y = 0, in (2)
∴ -3s+7 = 0
⇒ -s = -7
⇒ s = \(\frac{7}{3}\)
Put s = \(\frac{7}{3}\) in (2) we get, the point of intersection
as \(\left( 2\left( \frac { 7 }{ 3 } \right) +6,0,5\left( \frac { 7 }{ 3 } \right) +4 \right) \)
⇒ \(\left( \frac { 14 }{ 3 } +6,0,\frac { 35 }{ 3 } +4 \right) \)
⇒ \(\left( \frac { 14+18 }{ 3 } ,0,\frac { 35+12 }{ 3 } \right) \Rightarrow \left( \frac { 32 }{ 3 } ,0,\frac { 47 }{ 3 } \right) \)
To find the point of intersection of (1) and yz plane, put x = 0 in (2)
∴ 2s + 6 = 0
⇒ 2s = -6
⇒ s = -3
∴ (2) ⟶ (2(-3) + 6, -3(-3) + 7, 5(-3)+4)
= (0, 16, -11)
12.
Comparing the given lines with the general Cartesian equations of straight lines,
\(\frac { x-{ x }_{ 1 } }{ { b }_{ 1 } } =\frac { y-{ y }_{ 1 } }{ { b }_{ 2 } } =\frac { z-{ z }_{ 1 } }{ { b }_{ 3 } } \)and \(\frac { x-{ x }_{ 2 } }{ { d }_{ 1 } } =\frac { y-{ y }_{ 2 } }{ { d }_{ 2 } } =\frac { z-{ z }_{ 2 } }{ { d }_{ 3 } } \)
we find (b1, b2, b3) = (2, 1, -2) and (d1, d2, d3) = (4, -4, 2). Therefore, the angle between the two straight lines is
\(\theta ={ cos }^{ -1 }\left( \frac { \left| (2)(4)+(1)(-4)+(-2)(2) \right| }{ \sqrt { { 2 }^{ 2 }+{ 1 }^{ 2 }+({ -2) }^{ 2 } } \sqrt { { 4 }^{ 2 }+(-{ 4 })^{ 2 }+{ 2 }^{ 2 } } } \right) ={ cos }^{ -1 }\left( 0 \right) =\frac { \pi }{ 2 } \)
Thus the two straight lines are perpendicular.
13.
Rewriting the given equations as\(\frac { x+2 }{ 4 } =\frac { y+3 }{ -2 } =\frac { 2z-6 }{ 3/2 } \) and comparing with \(\frac { x-{ x }_{ 1 } }{ { b }_{ 1 } } =\frac { y-{ y }_{ 1 } }{ { b }_{ 2 } } =\frac { z-{ z }_{ 1 } }{ { b }_{ 3 } } \) we have \(\vec { b } ={ b }_{ 1 }\hat { i } +{ b }_{ 2 }\hat { j } +{ b }_{ 3 }\hat { k } \) = \(-4\hat { i } -2\hat { j } +\frac { 3 }{ 2 } \hat { k } =-\frac { 1 }{ 2 } (8\hat { i } +4\hat { j } -3\hat { k } )\). Clearly, \(\vec { b } \) is parallel to the vector \(8\hat { i } +4\hat { j } -3\hat { k } \). Therefore, a vector equation of the required straight line passing through the given point (-4, 2, -3) and parallel to the vector \(8\hat { i } +4\hat { j } -3\hat { k } \) in parametric form is
\(\vec { r } =(-4\hat { i } +2\hat { j } -3\hat { k } )+t(8\hat { i } +4\hat { j } -3\hat { k } )\), t ∈ R
Therefore, Cartesian equations of the required straight line are given by
\(\frac { x-4 }{ 8 } =\frac { y-2 }{ 4 } =\frac { z+3 }{ -3 } \)
14.
\(\vec { a } =\hat { i } +2\hat { j } +3\hat { k } ,\vec { b } =2\hat { i } -\hat { j } +\hat { k } ,\vec { c } =3\hat { i } +2\hat { j } +\hat { k } \)
\(\vec { a } .\vec { c } =(\hat { i } +2\hat { j } +3\hat { k } ),(3\hat { i } +2\hat { j } +\hat { k } )\)
= 3+4+3 = 10
\(\vec { a } .\vec { b } =(\hat { i } +2\hat { j } +3\hat { k } ).(2\hat { i } -\hat { j } +\hat { k } )\)
= 2 - 2 + 3 = 3
∴ \((\vec { a } .\vec { c } )\vec { b } -(\vec { a } .\vec { b } )\vec { c } =10\vec { b } -3\vec { c } \)
⇒ \(\vec { a } \times (\vec { b } \times \vec { c } )=10\vec { b } -3\vec { c } \) ..(1)
\([\vec { a } \times (\vec { b } \times \vec { c } )=(\vec { a } .\vec { c } )\vec { b } -(\vec { a } .\vec { b } )\vec { c } ]\)
Given \(\vec { a } \times (\vec { b } \times \vec { c } )=l\vec { a } +m\vec { b } +n\vec { c } \)..(2)
From (1) & (2)
\(10\vec { b } -3\vec { c } =l\vec { a } +m\vec { b } +n\vec { c } \)
Comparing the co-efficients of like terms, we get
l = 0, m = 10 and n = -3
15.
Resultant force \(\vec { F } =\vec { { F }_{ 1 } } +\vec { F_{ 2 } } +\vec { F_{ 3 } } \)
\(\vec { F } \) = (\(-\hat { 3i } +\hat { 6j } +\hat { 3k } \))+(\(\hat { 4i } -\hat { 10j } +\hat { 12k } \))+(\(\hat { 4i } +\hat { 7j } \))
= \(5\hat { i } +3\hat { j } +9\hat { k } \)
\(\vec { r } \)= (Force acting at the point) - (force acting about the point)
\((8\hat { i } -6\hat { j } -4\hat { k } )-(18\hat { i } +3\hat { j } -9\hat { k } )\)
= \(-10\hat { i } -9\hat { j } +5\hat { k } \)
Torque \((\vec { i } )=\vec { r } \times \vec { F } \)
= \(\left| \begin{matrix} \hat { i } & \hat { j } & \hat { k } \\ -10 & -9 & 5 \\ 5 & 3 & 9 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= \(\hat { i } \left| \begin{matrix} -9 & 5 \\ 3 & 9 \end{matrix} \right| -\hat { j } \left| \begin{matrix} -10 & 5 \\ 5 & 9 \end{matrix} \right| +\hat { k } \left| \begin{matrix} -10 & -9 \\ 5 & 3 \end{matrix} \right| \)
= \(\hat { i } (-18-15)-\hat { j } (-90-25)+\hat { k } (-30+45)\)
\(\vec { i } =-96\hat { i } +115\hat { j } +15\hat { k } \).
16.
Let \(\vec { { F }_{ 1 } } \) and \(\vec { { F }_{ 2 } } \) be the two forces given
Given \(|\vec { { F }_{ 1 } } |=5\sqrt { 2 } \) and its direction is along \(3\hat { i } +4\hat { j } +5\hat { k } \)
∴ \(\vec { { F }_{ 1 } } =5\sqrt { 2 } \) (unit vector of \(3\hat { i } +4\hat { j } +5\hat { k } \))
= \(5\sqrt { 2 } \frac { (3\hat { i } +4\hat { j } +5\hat { k } ) }{ \sqrt { { 3 }^{ 2 }+{ 4 }^{ 2 }+{ 5 }^{ 2 } } } \) \(\left[ \because \hat { n } =\frac { \vec { n } }{ |\vec { n } | } \right] \)
= \(5\sqrt { 2 } \frac { (3\hat { i } +4\hat { j } +5\hat { k } ) }{ \sqrt { 9+16+25 } } =\frac { 5\sqrt { 2 } (3\hat { i } +4\hat { j } +5\hat { k } ) }{ 5\sqrt { 2 } } \)
= \(3\hat { i } +4\hat { j } +5\hat { k } \)
and \(\vec { { F }_{ 2 } } =10\sqrt { 2 } \) (unit vector of \(10\hat { i } +6\hat { j } -8\hat { k } \))
= \(10\sqrt { 2 } \frac { (10\hat { i } +6\hat { j } -8\hat { k } ) }{ \sqrt { { 10 }^{ 2 }+{ 6 }^{ 2 }+(-8)^{ 2 } } } \)
\(=\frac{10 \sqrt{\not 2}(10 \hat{i}+6 \hat{j}-8 \hat{k})}{10 \sqrt\not {2}}\)
= \(10\hat { i } +6\hat { j } -8\hat { k } \)
∴ Resistant force \(\vec { F } =\vec { { F }_{ 1 } } +\vec { { F }_{ 2 } } \)
=\((3\hat { i } +4\hat { j } +5\hat { k } )+(10\hat { i } +6\hat { j } -8\hat { k } )\)
\(\vec { F } =13\hat { i } +10\hat { j } -3\hat { k } \)
\(\hat { d } \) = displacement to the point - displacement from the point
= \((6\hat { i } +\hat { j } -3\hat { k } )-(4\hat { i } -3\hat { j } -2\hat { k } )\)
= \(2\hat { i } +4\hat { j } -\hat { k } \)
∴ Work done
w = \(\vec { F } .\vec { d } =(13\hat { i } +10\hat { j } -3\hat { k } ).(2\hat { i } +4\hat { j } -\hat { k } )\)
w = 13(2) + 10(4) - 3(-1) = 26 + 40 + 3
w = 69 units.
17.
Resultant of the given forces is \(\vec { F } \) = \((\hat { 3i } -\hat { 2j } +\hat { 2k } )\) + \((\hat { 2i } +\hat { j } -\hat { k } )\) = \(\hat { 5i } -\hat { j } +\hat { k } \)
The displacement of the particle is given by
\(\vec { d } \) = \((\hat { 4i } -\hat { j } +\hat { \lambda k } )-(\hat { i } +3\hat { j } -\hat { k } )\) = \((3\hat { i } -\hat { 4j } +(\lambda +1)\hat { k } )\)
As the work done by the forces is 16 units, we have
\(\vec { F } \).\(\vec { d } \) = 16
That is \((\hat { 5i } -\hat { j } +\hat { k } ).(3\hat { i } -\hat { 4j } +(\lambda +1))\hat { k } \) = 16 ⇒ λ + 20 = 16
So, λ = - 4
18.
Resultant of the given forces is \(\hat{F}\) = ( \(\hat { 2j } +\hat { 5j } +\hat { 6k } \) )+ (\(-\hat { i } -\hat { 2j } -\hat { k } \) ) = \(\hat { i } +\hat { 3j } +\hat {5 k } \)
Let A and B be the points (4, −3, −2) and (6, 1, −3) respectively.
Then the displacement vector of the particle is
\(\vec { d } =\vec { AB } =\vec { OB } -\vec { OA } =(\hat { 6i } +\hat { j } -\hat { 3k } )-(\hat { 4i } -\hat { 3j } -\hat { 2k } )=\hat { 2i } +\hat { 4j } -\hat { k } \)
Therefore the work done
w = \(\vec { f } .\vec { d } =(\hat { i } +\hat { 3j } +\hat { 5k } ).(\hat { 2j } +\hat { 4j } -\hat { k } )\) = 9 units.
19.
We observe that the straight line \(\frac { x-1 }{ 4 } =\frac { 2-y }{ 6 } =\frac { z-4 }{ 12 } \) is parallel to the vector \(4\hat { i } -6\hat { j } +12\hat { k } \) and the straight line \(\frac { x-3 }{ -2 } =\frac { y-3 }{ 3 } =\frac { 5-z }{ 6 } \) is parallel to the vector \(2\hat { i } +3\hat { j } -6\hat { k } \)
Since \(4\hat { i } -6\hat { j } +12\hat { k } =-2(-2\hat { i } +3\hat { j } -6\hat { k } )\), two vectors are parallel, and hence the two straight lines are parallel.
20.
Since the given three vectors are coplanar, we have \(\left| \begin{matrix} 2 & -1 & 3 \\ 3 & 2 & 1 \\ 1 & m & 4 \end{matrix} \right| \) = 0 ⇒ m = -3
21.
By the defination of scalar triple product of three vectors,
We find, \(\hat { a } .(\hat { b } \times \hat { c } )\) = \(\left| \begin{matrix} -3 & -1 & 5 \\ 1 & -2 & 1 \\ 0 & 4 & -5 \end{matrix} \right| =-3\)
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