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Published on: 21/10/2025
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1.
Find the roots of the equation 2x2 - 5x + 3 = 0, by factorisation.
2.
Find the values of k for each of the following quadratic equation, so that they have two equal roots \(kx(x-2)+6=0\)
3.
Find the values of k for each of the following quadratic equation, so that they have two equal roots \(2x^{ 2 }+kx+3=0\)
4.
Find the roots of the following quadratic equations by the factorisation.
\(x^{ 2 }-3x-10=0\)
5.
Check whether the following are quadratic equations:
(i) (x – 2)2 + 1 = 2x – 3
(ii) x(x + 1) + 8 = (x + 2) (x – 2)
(iii) x (2x + 3) = x2 + 1
(iv) (x + 2)3 = x3 – 4
6.
Find the discriminant of the equation \(3 x^{2}-2 x+\frac{1}{3}=0\) and hence find the nature of its roots. Find them, if they are real.
7.
Find the discriminant of the quadratic equation 2x2 - 4x + 3 = 0, and hence find the nature of its roots.
8.
Check whether the following are quadratic equations: (x+1)2=2(x-3)
9.
Find the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equation. If the real roots exist, find them: 2x2-6x+3=0
10.
Find the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equation. If the real roots exist, find them: \(3x^2-4\sqrt3 x+4=0\)
11.
Find the roots of the following quadratic equations by fractorisation: \(2x^2-x+{1\over 8}=0\)
12.
Find the roots of the following quadratic equations by fractorisation: 100x2-20x+1=0
13.
Find the roots of the following quadratic equations by fractorisation: \( \sqrt2x^2+7x+5\sqrt2=0\)
14.
Find the roots of the following quadratic equation by fractorisation: 2x2+x-6=0
15.
Check whether the following are quadratic equations: x3-4x2-x+1=(x-2)3
16.
Check whether the following are quadratic equations: (x+2)3=2x(x2-1)
17.
Check whether the following are quadratic equations: (2x – 1)(x – 3) = (x + 5)(x – 1)
18.
Check whether the following are quadratic equations: (x – 3)(2x +1) = x(x + 5)
19.
Find the roots of the quadratic equation 6x2 – x – 2 = 0
20.
Find the roots of the quadratic equation: \(3x^{2}-2\sqrt {6} \ x +2 = 0\)
21.
Find two consecutive positive integers, sum of whose squares in 365.
1.
Let us first split the middle term - 5x as -2x -3x [because (-2x) x (-3x) = 6x2 = (2x2 ) x 3].
So, 2x2 - 5x + 3 = 2x2 - 2x - 3x + 3 = 2x (x - 1) -3(x - 1) = (2x - 3)(x - 1)
Now, 2x2 - 5x + 3 = 0 can be rewritten as (2x - 3)(x - 1) = 0.
So, the values of x for which 2x2 - 5x + 3 = 0 are the same for which (2x - 3)(x - 1) = 0,
i.e., either 2x - 3 = 0 or x - 1 = 0.
Now, 2x - 3 = 0 gives x = \(\frac{3}{2}\) and x - 1 = 0 gives x = 1.
So, x = \(\frac{3}{2}\) and x = 1 are the solutions of the equation.
In other words, 1 and \(\frac{3}{2}\) are the roots of the equation 2x2 - 5x + 3 = 0.
Verify that these are the roots of the given equation.
Note that we have found the roots of 2x2 - 5x + 3 = 0 by factorising 2x2 - 5x + 3 into two linear factors and equating each factor to zero.
2.
kx(x - 2) + 6 = 0
or kx2 - 2kx + 6 = 0
Comparing this equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get
a = k, b = - 2k and c = 6
= ( - 2k)2 - 4 (k) (6)
= 4k2 - 24k
For equal roots,
b2 - 4ac = 0
4k2 - 24k = 0
4k (k - 6) = 0
Either 4k = 0 or
k = 6 = 0
k = 0 or k = 6
However, if k = 0, then the equation will not have the terms 'x2' and 'x'.
Therefore, if this equation has two equal roots, k should be 6 only.
3.
2x2 + kx + 3 = 0
Comparing equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get
a = 2, b = k and c = 3
Discriminant = b2 - 4ac = (k)2 - 4(2) (3)
= k2 - 24
For equal roots,
Discriminant = 0
k2 - 24 = 0
k2 = 24
\(k=\pm \sqrt{24}=\pm 2 \sqrt{6}\)
4.
Given equations is \(x^{ 2 }-3x-10=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^{ 2 }-5x+2x-10=0\)
\(\left[ \because -5x(2)=-10\\ and-5+2=-3 \right] \)
\(\Rightarrow x(x-5)+2(x-5)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x-5=0\quad \Rightarrow x=5\)
\(\Rightarrow x+2=0\Rightarrow x=-2\)
Hence, the roots of the equation
\(x^{ 2 }-3x-10=0\quad are-2\quad and\quad 5\)
5.
(i) LHS = (x – 2)2 + 1 = x2 – 4x + 4 + 1 = x2 – 4x + 5
Therefore, (x – 2)2 + 1 = 2x – 3 can be rewritten as
x2 – 4x + 5 = 2x – 3
i.e., x2 – 6x + 8 = 0
It is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0.
Therefore, the given equation is a quadratic equation
(ii) Since x(x + 1) + 8 = x2 + x + 8 and (x + 2)(x – 2) = x2 – 4
Therefore, x2 + x + 8 = x2 – 4
i.e., x + 12 = 0
It is not of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0.
Therefore, the given equation is not a quadratic equation
(iii) Here, LHS = x (2x + 3) = 2x2 + 3x
So, x (2x + 3) = x2 + 1 can be rewritten as
2x2 + 3x = x2 + 1
Therefore, we get x2 + 3x – 1 = 0
It is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0.
So, the given equation is a quadratic equation
(iv) Here, LHS = (x + 2)3 = x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8
Therefore, (x + 2)3 = x3 – 4 can be rewritten as
x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8 = x3 – 4
i.e., 6x2 + 12x + 12 = 0 or, x2 + 2x + 2 = 0
It is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0.
So, the given equation is a quadratic equation
6.
Here a = 3, b = - 2 and \(c=\frac{1}{3} \text { . }\)
Therefore, discriminant b2 - 4ac = (-2)2 - 4 x 3 x \(\frac{1}{3}\) = 4 - 4 = 0.
Hence, the given quadratic equation has two equal real roots.
The roots are \(\frac{-b}{2 a}, \frac{-b}{2 a}, \text { i.e., } \frac{2}{6}, \frac{2}{6}, \text { i.e., } \frac{1}{3}, \frac{1}{3} .\)
7.
The given equation is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a = 2, b = - 4 and c = 3. Therefore, the discriminant
b2 - 4ac = (-4)2 - (4 x 2 x 3) = 16 - 24 = -8 < 0
So, the given equation has no real roots.
8.
(x+1)2=2(x-3)
x2+2x+1=2x-6
x2+2x-2x+1+6=0
x2+7=0
Which is of the form ax2+bx+c=0. Hence the given equation is a quadratic equation.
9.
2x2 - 6x + 3 = 0
Comparing this equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get
a = 2, b = -6, c = 3
Discriminant = b2 - 4ac
= (-6)2 - 4 (2) (3)
= 36 - 24 = 12
As b2 - 4ac > 0,
Therefore, distinct real roots exist for this equation
\( x=\frac{-b \pm b^{2}-4 a c}{2 a} \)
\(=\frac{-(-6) \pm \sqrt{(-6)^{2}-4(2)(3)}}{2(2)} \)
\(=\frac{6 \pm \sqrt{12}}{4}=\frac{6 \pm 2 \sqrt{3}}{4} \)
\(=\frac{3 \pm \sqrt{3}}{2} \)
Therefore the root are \(=\frac{3 \pm \sqrt{3}}{2} \)
10.
\(3 x^{2}-4 \sqrt{3} x+4=0\)
Comparing it with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get
a = 3, b = \(-4 \sqrt{3}\) and c = 4
Discriminant = b2 - 4ac
\(=(-4 \sqrt{3})^{2}-4(3)(4)\)
= 48 - 48 = 0
As b2 - 4ac = 0,
Therefore, real roots exist for the given equation and they are equal to each other.
And the roots will be \(\frac{-b}{2 a}\)
Therefore, the roots are \(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}} \text { and } \frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\)
11.
\(2x^2-x+{1\over 8}=0\)
\({16x^2-8x+1\over 8}=0\)
16x2-4x-4x+1=0
4x(4x+1)-1(4x-1)=0
(4x-1)(4x-1)=0
4x-1=0 or 4x-1=0
\(x={1\over 4}\ or \ x={1\over 4}\)
Hence the roots are, \({1\over 4},{1\over 4}\)
12.
100x2-20x+1=0
100x2-10x-10x+1=0
10x(10x-1)-1(10x-1)=0
(10x-1)(10x-1)=0
10x-1=0 or 10x-1=0
\(x={1\over 10}\) or \(x={1\over 10}\)
Hence the roots are \({1\over 10},{1\over 10}\)
13.
Given, equation is \( \sqrt2x^2+7x+5\sqrt2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \( \sqrt2x^2+5x+2x+5\sqrt2=0\) [\(\because\) 5 \(\times\)2 = 10 and 5 + 2 = 7]
\(\Rightarrow\)\(x(\sqrt2x+5)+\sqrt2(\sqrt2x+5)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\) (\(\sqrt{2}\)x + 5) (x + \(\sqrt{2}\)) = 0
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\sqrt{2}\)x+5 = 0 or x + \(\sqrt{2}\) = 0
\(\Rightarrow\) x=\(\frac{-5}{\sqrt{2}}\) or x = -\(\sqrt{2}\)
Hence, the roots of the equation
\(\sqrt{2} x^2+7 x+5 \sqrt{2}=0 \text { are } \frac{-5}{\sqrt{2}} \text { and }-\sqrt{2} \text {. }\)
14.
Given equation is 2x2 + x - 6 = 0
\(\Rightarrow\) 2x2 + 4x - 3x - 6 = 0
[\(\because\) 4 \(\times\)(-3) = -12 and 4 - 3 = 1]
\(\Rightarrow\) 2x (x + 2) -3 (x + 2) = 0
\(\Rightarrow\) (x + 2)(2x - 3) = 0
\(\Rightarrow\) x + 2 = 0 or 2x - 3 = 0
\(\Rightarrow\) x = -2 or \(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
Hence, the roots of the equation
2x2 + x - 6 = 0 are -2 and \(\frac{3}{2}\)
15.
Given, equation is x3-4x2-x+1=(x-2)3
\(\Rightarrow\) x3 - 4x2 - x + 1 = x3 - 3(x2)2 +3x(2)2 - (2)3
[\(\because\)(a-b)3 = a3 - 3a2b + 3ab2 - b3]
\(\Rightarrow\) x3 - 4x2 - x + 1 = x3 - 6x2 + 12x - 8
\(\Rightarrow\) x3 - 4x2 - x + 1 - x3 + 6x2 - 12x + 8 = 0
\(\Rightarrow\) 2x2 - 13x + 9 = 0
which is of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, a \(\neq\)0
\(\therefore\) It is a quadratic equation.
16.
Given, equation is (x+2)3=2x(x2-1)
\(\Rightarrow\) x3 + 8 + 3x2(2) + 3x (2)2 = 2x3 - 2x
[\(\because\) (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3a2b + 3ab2]
\(\Rightarrow\) x3 + 8 + 6x2 + 12x = 2x3 - 2x
\(\Rightarrow\) x3 + 8 + 6x2 + 12x - 2x3 + 2x = 0
\(\Rightarrow\) -x3 + 6x2 + 14x + 8 = 0
which is not of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0,
because it has cubic term, i.e. x3.
\(\therefore\) It is not a quadratic equation.
17.
(2x-1)(x-3)=(x+5)(x-1)
2x2-6x-x+3=x2-x+5x-5
2x2-6x-x+3-x2+x-5x+5=0
x2-11x+8=0
Which is of the form ax2+bx+c=0. Hence the given equation is a quadratic equation.
18.
Given equation (x-3)(2x+1)=x(x+5)
2x2 + x - 6x - 3 = x2 + 5x
\(\Rightarrow\) 2x2 + x - 6x - 3 - x2 - 5x = 0
\(\Rightarrow\) x2 - 10x - 3 = 0 has its highest power 2
Hence it is a quadratic equation.
19.
We have
6x2 – x – 2 = 6x2 + 3x – 4x – 2
= 3x (2x + 1) – 2 (2x + 1)
= (3x – 2)(2x + 1)
The roots of 6x2 - x - 2 = 0 are the values of x for which (3x - 2)(2x + 1) = 0
Therefore, 3x - 2 = 0 or 2x + 1 = 0,
ie., x = \(\frac{2}{3}\) or x = \(-\frac{1}{2}\)
Therefore, the roots of 6x2 - x - 2 = 0 are \(\frac{2}{3}\) and \(-\frac{1}{2}\)
We verify the roots, by checking that \(\frac{2}{3}\) and \(-\frac{1}{2}\) satisfy 6x2 - x - 2 = 0.
20.
\(3 x^{2}-2 \sqrt{6} x+2=3 x^{2}-\sqrt{6} x-\sqrt{6} x+2\)
\(=\sqrt{3} x(\sqrt{3} x-\sqrt{2})-\sqrt{2}(\sqrt{3} x-\sqrt{2})\)
\(=(\sqrt{3} x-\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{3} x-\sqrt{2})\)
So, the roots of the equation are the values of x for which
\((\sqrt{3} x-\sqrt{2})(\sqrt{3} x-\sqrt{2})=0\)
Now, \(\sqrt{3} x-\sqrt{2}=0 \text { for } x=\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}\)
So, this root is repeated twice, one for each repeated factor \(\sqrt{3} x-\sqrt{2}\)
Therefore, the roots of 3x2 - 2\(\sqrt6\)x + 2 = 0 are \(\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}, \sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}\)
21.
Let the two consecutive integers be x and x+1
ATQ x2+(x+1)2=365
\(\Rightarrow\) x2+x2+2x+1=365 \(\Rightarrow\) 2x2+2x-364=0
\(\Rightarrow\) x2+x-182=0 \(\Rightarrow\) x2+14x-13x-182=0
\(\Rightarrow\) x(x+14)-13(x+14)=0 \(\Rightarrow\) (x-13)(x+14)=0
\(\Rightarrow\) x=13, -14 (-14 is rejected because it is a negative integer)
Hence, the two consecutive positive integers are 13 and 13+1=14
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